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10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective David Scott-Maxwell

10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective David Scott-Maxwell Technical Director, Forge Europa. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective. Introduction:

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10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective David Scott-Maxwell

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  1. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: • A manufacturer’s perspective • David Scott-Maxwell • Technical Director, Forge Europa

  2. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective Introduction: What lessons from the past will help us in the future? David Scott-Maxwell technical director of Forge Europa, takes a detailed look back at some of the key technological developments in LED and explains how they should be used to influence today’s design and manufacture.

  3. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Introduction: • What lessons from the past will help us in the future? David Scott-Maxwell technical director of Forge Europa, takes a detailed look back at some of the key technological developments in LED and explains how they should be used to influence today’s design and manufacture. • A brief history of LEDs - from scratch • Time travel – we’ll zip back to c2003 • What’s happened in 10 years – and what wisdom can we gain with hindsight?

  4. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective LED History – from scratch:

  5. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi

  6. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL

  7. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments

  8. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric

  9. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric • c1968 - First mass produced LEDs, Monsanto / Hewlett Packard

  10. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric • c1968 - First mass produced LEDs, Monsanto / Hewlett Packard • c1970s - T1, T13/4 LEDs mass produced

  11. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric • c1968 - First mass produced LEDs, Monsanto / Hewlett Packard • c1970s - T1, T13/4 LEDs mass produced • c1993 - First blue GaN LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia

  12. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric • c1968 - First mass produced LEDs, Monsanto / Hewlett Packard • c1970s - T1, T13/4 LEDs mass produced • c1993 - First blue GaN LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia • c1997 - First white LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia

  13. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric • c1968 - First mass produced LEDs, Monsanto / Hewlett Packard • c1970s - T1, T13/4 LEDs mass produced • c1993 - First blue GaN LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia • c1997 - First white LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia • c2004 - First ~1W+ ‘Lighting Class’ LEDs, Lumileds / Cree

  14. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • LED History – from scratch: • c1907 - Electroluminescence in SiC, HJ Round / Marconi • c1927 - First Light Emitting Diode, O Losev / NRL • c1961 - First LED patent (IR), J Biard, G Pittman / Texas Instruments • c1962 - First practical LED (red), N Holonyak / General Electric • c1968 - First mass produced LEDs, Monsanto / Hewlett Packard • c1970s - T1, T13/4 LEDs mass produced • c1993 - First blue GaN LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia • c1997 - First white LEDs, S Nakamura / Nichia • c2004 - First ~1W+ ‘Lighting Class’ LEDs, Lumileds / Cree • c2013 - In ~10years LED efficiencies rise ~tenfold

  15. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective The Outlook in 2003:

  16. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective The Outlook in 2003:

  17. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective The Outlook in 2003:

  18. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective The Outlook in 2003:

  19. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story:

  20. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W

  21. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W • c2010 white LEDs in the lab ~250lm/W

  22. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W • c2010 white LEDs in the lab ~250lm/W • Where’s it all going to end?

  23. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W • c2010 white LEDs in the lab ~250lm/W • Where’s it all going to end?

  24. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W • c2010 white LEDs in the lab ~250lm/W • Where’s it all going to end?

  25. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W • c2010 white LEDs in the lab ~250lm/W • Where’s it all going to end?

  26. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story: • c2006 white LEDs in the lab ~100lm/W • c2010 white LEDs in the lab ~250lm/W • Where’s it all going to end? – About ~300lm/W maybeish…

  27. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story – Lessons from manufacturing:

  28. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED Efficacy is still developing rapidly with a long way to go yet:-

  29. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED Efficacy is still developing rapidly with a long way to go yet:- • Lighting LEDs are not yet a commodityand won’t be for a long time • … no industry standard LED footprints, best LEDs expensive • … watch out for rapid obsolescence

  30. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED Efficacy is still developing rapidly with a long way to go yet:- • Lighting LEDs are not yet a commodity and won’t be for a long time • … no industry standard LED footprints, best LEDs expensive • … watch out for rapid obsolescence • Manufacturers of LED products must be fast, flexible & adaptive • … look out for innovation & react rapidly – eg low/mid/high power • … bring new products to market quickly

  31. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Efficacy Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED Efficacy is still developing rapidly with a long way to go yet:- • Lighting LEDs are not yet a commodity and won’t be for a long time • … no industry standard LED footprints, best LEDs expensive • … watch out for rapid obsolescence • Manufacturers of LED products must be fast, flexible & adaptive • … look out for innovation & react rapidly – eg low/mid/high power • … bring new products to market quickly • Understand the LED Landscape • … know your LEDs - this is increasingly difficult to do!

  32. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story:

  33. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story: • The Bad Old days…

  34. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story: • The Bad Old days… getting better…

  35. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story: • The Bad Old days… getting better… • … are gone!

  36. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story – Lessons from manufacturing:

  37. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective The LED Lifetime Story – Lessons from manufacturing: LED component lifetime is quite well understood, BUT:-

  38. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED component lifetime is quite well understood, BUT:- • There is no substitute for doing your own lifetime testing! • … LM80 is lab testing of LED devices only, TM21 is simple extrapolation • … LED luminaires warrant thorough life testing

  39. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED component lifetime is quite well understood, BUT:- • There is no substitute for doing your own lifetime testing! • … LM80 is lab testing of LED devices only, TM21 is simple extrapolation • … LED luminaires warrant thorough life testing • There are still many LEDs available without lifetime testing • … no LM80 no Deal!

  40. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • The LED Lifetime Story – Lessons from manufacturing: • LED component lifetime is quite well understood, BUT:- • There is no substitute for doing your own lifetime testing! • … LM80 is lab testing of LED devices only, TM21 is simple extrapolation • … LED luminaires warrant thorough life testing • There are still many LEDs available without lifetime testing • … no LM80 no Deal! • LED lifetime is not just lumen maintenance • … there’s colour shift, silicone degradation … • … and then there’s all the non-LED stuff to consider …

  41. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Conclusion:

  42. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Conclusion: • The LED Lighting industry is still in its infancy so the manufacturing outlook is phenomenal…

  43. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Conclusion: • The LED Lighting industry is still in its infancy so the manufacturing outlook is phenomenal… • BUT – the Lighting industry has historically developed extremely slowly so manufacturers need to embrace the change in every way

  44. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Conclusion:

  45. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Conclusion:

  46. 10 years of lighting-class LEDs: A manufacturer’s perspective • Thank you! • David Scott-Maxwell • Technical Director, Forge Europa

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