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Fire Safety

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Fire Safety

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    1. 1

    2. 2 Fire Safety

    3. 3 Fire Heat Light Burning ??????

    4. 4 Fire Heat Light Burning Toxic gases Carbon monoxide

    5. 5

    6. 6 Oxygen Surrounding air Oxygen tanks/piped oxygen lines Oxidizing agents (self-producing)

    7. 7 Oxygen

    8. 8 Fuels Gases Liquids Solids

    9. 9

    10. 10 Fuels

    11. 11 Flammable & Combustible Liquids Flammable liquids have a flash point below 100oF Combustible liquids have a flash point at or above 100oF

    12. 12 Fire Tetrahedron Oxygen Fuel Heat Chain reaction

    13. 13 Heat Sources Open flame Hot surfaces Sparks Arcs (electrical energy) Arcs (static electricity) Friction Sun’s heat Compressing gases

    14. 14 Fire Tetrahedron Oxygen Fuel Heat Chain reaction

    15. 15

    16. 16 Chain reaction

    17. 17 Chain reaction All areas of the fire tetrahedron must be present for a fire to start. Some examples of no chain reaction: A plug shorting out, producing a spark but not a fire. Using alcohol to cook with (in most cases). Dropping a lit cigarette on the counter top and picking it up.

    18. 18 Spontaneous combustion

    19. 19 Internal combustion arising with no external energy when all four parts of the tetrahedron are present. All four parts of the fire tetrahedron might not physically appear to be present. Heat is still being produced by a chemical reaction. Spontaneous combustion

    20. 20 Flammable limits

    21. 21 Heat transfer Exothermic reaction Conduction Radiant heat Direct Convection

    22. 22 Heat transfer

    23. 23 Heat transfer

    24. 24 Heat transfer

    25. 25 Heat transfer

    26. 26 Heat transfer

    27. 27 Thermal layering

    28. 28 Fire phases Incipient: The beginning phase of a fire. In this phase, there is no need for special clothing, breathing apparatus, or evasive action.

    29. 29 Fire phases Steady state (free burning): The phase of the fire in which both oxygen and fuel are available, and the fire is spreading. Hot gases and heated air are moving to the upper portions of the building, and the fire is approximately 1300oF.

    30. 30 Fire phases Rollover The process in which the super-heated vapors and gases reach their ignition point and start burning.

    31. 31 Fire phases Flashover: The phase of fire when everything in an area or room has reached a temperature that gives off vapors. All these vapors ignite at once.

    32. 32 Fire phases Backdraft When oxygen is reintroduced (either naturally or through improper ventilation) to the hot smoldering phase; all items ignite at once, causing an explosion.

    33. 33 Fire phases Hot smoldering: In this phase, the oxygen level has fallen to about 15%. This causes the visible flames to go out and the materials to smolder. This is usually a precondition to backdraft.

    34. 34 Extinguishing fires Removing fuel Another method for extinguishing a fire is to remove the source fuel.

    35. 35 Extinguishing fires Cooling Using water to absorb the heat of the fire, bringing the fire below its ignition point.

    36. 36 Extinguishing fires Removing oxygen Can be accomplished through the use of another gas, such as CO2 or nitrogen.

    37. 37 Sprinkler heads

    38. 38

    39. 39

    40. 40 Fire classes

    41. 41 Fire classes

    42. 42 Fire classes

    43. 43 Fire classes

    44. 44 Fire classes There is an additional fire class but this class is not stated in OSHA regulations Class K Burning food

    45. 45 Fire extinguisher ratings Class A Class B Class C Class D

    46. 46 Fire fighting Should I do this or even try?

    47. 47 Removing at least part of the fire tetrahedron. How to put a fire out?

    48. 48 P Pull the safety pin. A Aim the hose or horn at the base of the fire. S Squeeze the carrying handle and the discharge handle together. S Sweep the nozzle from side to side. How do I use a fire extinguisher?

    49. 49

    50. 50 Priorities in emergency response Self-protection Co-worker health and safety Aiding injured co-workers/protecting patients Prevention of property damage

    51. 51 When a fire happens Alarm: Pull Station Code “Red” Room ###” Help patients in immediate danger. Contain as much as possible. Evacuate if necessary.

    52. 52 Elements of 29 CFR 1910.38 Michigan Part 6 Means of egress Emergency escape procedures and emergency escape route assignments Procedures to be followed by employees who remain to operate critical plant operations before they evacuate

    53. 53 Pre-planning for emergencies

    54. 54 Elements of 29 CFR 1910.38 Michigan Part 6 The preferred means of reporting fires and other emergencies. Names or regular job titles of persons or departments who can be contacted for further information or explanation of duties under the plan.

    55. 55

    56. 56 Fire exits Fire exits and isles can never be blocked. Fire doors will open in the path of travel. Fire doors should always be closed unless they have a fused link or have an electromechanical holding device. Holds door open with a magnet and lets the door close when the fire alarm system is activated (common in hospitals)

    57. 57

    58. 58 END

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