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An Introduction to Machines: Student Learning Goal

An Introduction to Machines: Student Learning Goal. The student will be able to identify and describe applications of various types of simple machines (C3.1). An Introduction to Machines. SPH4C. Machines. A machine is a device that helps us perform tasks. e.g. a machine to trap a mouse.

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An Introduction to Machines: Student Learning Goal

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  1. An Introduction to Machines: Student Learning Goal The student will be able to identify and describe applications of various types of simple machines (C3.1).

  2. An Introduction to Machines SPH4C

  3. Machines A machine is a device that helps us perform tasks. e.g. a machine to trap a mouse

  4. 5 Main Functions It may: • transform energy (e.g. an electric motor) A motor transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy

  5. 5 Main Functions It may: • transform energy (e.g. an electric motor) • transfer forces (e.g. a car engine) The force on the piston of each cylinder is transferred into the forward motion of the vehicle.

  6. 5 Main Functions It may: • transform energy (e.g. an electric motor) • transfer forces (e.g. a car engine) • change the direction of a force (e.g. a pulley)

  7. 5 Main Functions It may: • transform energy (e.g. an electric motor) • transfer forces (e.g. a car engine) • change the direction of a force (e.g. a pulley) • change the magnitude of a force (e.g. a lever)

  8. 5 Main Functions It may: • transform energy (e.g. an electric motor) • transfer forces (e.g. a car engine) • change the direction of a force (e.g. a pulley) • change the magnitude of a force (e.g. a lever) • change distance or speed (e.g. gears)

  9. Compound Machines Many machines are compound machines, constructed of several simple machines working together.

  10. Simple Machines Simple machines can be split into 2 families: • The lever family

  11. Simple Machines Simple machines can be split into 2 families: • The lever family • The inclined plane family

  12. The Lever Family The lever family consists of the: • Lever • Pulley • Wheel and axle • Gears

  13. The Lever Family A lever is a rigid bar that can rotate freely around a support called a fulcrum.

  14. The Lever Family Pulleys, wheels, and gears all rotate completely around a fulcrum.

  15. The Lever Family Pulleys, wheels, and gears all rotate completely around a fulcrum. You can construct systems of pulleys just like you can construct systems of gears.

  16. The Inclined Plane Family The inclined plane family consists of the: • Inclined plane • Wedge • Screw

  17. The Inclined Plane Family An inclined plane is simply a ramp that moves something horizontally as it moves vertically (and stairs may be included).

  18. The Inclined Plane Family A wedge is a double inclined plane.

  19. The Inclined Plane Family A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a central axis.

  20. Biomechanical Systems Biomechanical systems, which are systems involving a living body, can also be understood as machines, e.g. the human forearm works as a lever.

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