The French Revolution

1. The French Revolution 9th Grade Social Studies Fall 2011 Unit 6

2. The Big Picture • The economic and social inequalities in the Old Regime were a major cause of the revolution. • Driven by the example of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy, the French ousted Louis XVI from power and established a new political order, a republic. • The revolutionary government made reforms but also used terror and violence to retain power.

3. Why we study this unit: • The French Revolution ended the monarchy and established one of the first European republics. • The right of citizens to equality surfaced during the revolution and challenged the old social order. • With the French Revolution, Western Europe began to break away from its medieval past and move towards modern times.

4. Essential Questions: • What were the major causes of the French Revolution? • Why was the calling of the Estates-General by Louis XVI a significant event? • How did popular revolts by the people contribute to the French Revolution?

5. Essential Questions: 4. How did foreign reaction to the revolution help lead to war? 5. What changes did the radical government make in French society and politics? 6. What was the terror, and how did it end?

6. Units: • Last Unit: The Enlightenment • Current Unit: The French Revolution • Next Unit: Napoleonic Era

7. Odd Days: Learning Activities • 1/9: Rev. Begins Part 1 • 1/11: Rev. T/F • 1/11: Causes of Rev. video notes • 1/11: Rev. Begins part 2 • 1/13: Reteaching activity 11 • 1/13: Guided Reading • 1/13: First events of Rev. • 1/13: Rev. Begins part 3

8. ODD DAYS • 1/13: Rev. Begins part 3 • 1/18: Reforms of the National Assembly • 1/18: Revolutionary Changes • 1/30: Stages of the Rev. chart • 1/30: The Republic Outline • 2/1: Radical Leaders Prezi • 2/1: Republic part 2 Qs

9. ODD DAYS • 2/3: Who’s Who of the Radical Phase • 2/3: Reign of Terror ppt. • 2/7: Type 1: Terror • 2/7: Age of Napoleon G.R. • 2/9: Napoleon Prezi • 2/9: Brain Chain • 2/9: section 4 practice quiz • 2/9: End of an Era Qs

10. Even Day Learning Activity • 1/10: Rev. Begins Part 1 • 1/12: Rev. T/F Quiz • 1/12: Causes of Rev. video notes • 1/12: Rev. Begins part 2 • 1/17: Reteaching activity 11 • 1/17: Guided Reading • 1/17: First events of Rev. • 1/17: Rev. Begins part 3

11. Even Days • 1/19: Reforms of the National Assembly • 1/19: Revolutionary Changes • 1/27: Stages of the Rev. chart • 1/27: The Republic Outline • 1/31: Radical Leaders Prezi • 1/31: Republic part 2 Qs • 2/2: Who’s Who of Radical Phase • 2/2: Reign of Terror ppt. • 2/6: Type 1: Reign of Terror • 2/6: Age of Napoleon G.R. • 2/8: section 4 practice quiz • 2/8: Napoleon Prezi • 2/8: Brain Chain • 2/8: End of an Era Qs

12. Even Days • 2/10: Napoleon’s Downfall • 2/10: Congress of Vienna • 2/10: Unit Review

13. Revolution Begins Terms • Louis XVI • Marie-Antoinette • Estate • Bourgeoisie • Estates-General • Bastille • Sans-culottes • National Assembly • Tennis Court Oath • Legislative Assembly • National Convention

14. Republic Terms • Robespierre • Guillotine • Counterrevolution • Reign of Terror • Committee of Public Safety • The Mountain • Jacobin Club • Girondins • Marat • Danton • Vendee Rebellion • Directory

15. 1. What were the causes of the French Revolution? • The people of France challenged the existing social and political structures. • The three estates created unfair advantages for the 1st and 2nd estates. • Enlightenment ideas inspired the 3rd estate to question their position. • The financial crisis created many problems and Louis XVI failed to make effective reforms.

16. 2. Why was the calling of the Estates-General by Louis XVI a significant event? • The Estates-General was a representative body made up of the three estates. • The group had not met for 175 years, which allowed the French kings to rule with absolute power. • Each estate prepared cahiers, which documented their grievances and proposed reforms. • The Third Estate challenged the voting process because they had no political power.

17. 3. How did popular revolts by the people contribute to the French Revolution? • The members of the Third Estate demanded change through violent protests. • The Storming of the Bastille, the Great Fear, and the women’s march to Versailles to demand bread demonstrated the people's desire for change. • The leaders of the revolution were moved to make reforms to address the social and economic problems facing France.

18. 4. How did foreign reaction to the revolution help lead to war? • Austria and Prussia feared the spread of revolutionary ideas. • They issued a declaration to protect the French monarchy, which may have led to their intervention in the revolution. • In response, the Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria, Prussia, and their ally Britain.

19. 5.What changes did the radical government make in French society and politics? • The National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. • Viewed as traitor to the revolution, Louis XVI was tried and executed. • The Committee of Public Safety was set up to manage the country's military defense and save the revolution. • Leaders wanted to erase all connections to the old ways of life.

20. 6. What was the terror, and how did it end? • The Reign of Terror was used to eliminate the external and internal threats to the revolution. • Revolutionary Tribunals were used to quickly try and execute the counterrevolutionaries. • All members of society were targeted, but the largest group of victims came from the peasants and sans-culottes. • Fearing for their own lives, the National Convention arrested and executed Robespierre, ending the terror.