Natural Language Agents

1. Natural Language Agents Why is it so hard?

2. The Turing Test

3. Turing’s Prediction 1950 Turing predicted that in about fifty years "an average interrogator will not have more than a 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning".

4. Was Turing Right? Let’s try a conversation with Alice :

5. Modern Language Systems • WikiAnswers • Newsblaster

6. Machine Translation A Babelfish example from about 2004: Austin Police are trying to find the person responsible for robbing a bank in Downtown Austin. El policía de Austin está intentando encontrar a la persona responsable de robar un banco en Austin céntrica. The police of Austin is trying to find the responsible person to rob a bank in centric Austin.

7. Machine Translation A Google Translate example in 2008: Austin Police are trying to find the person responsible for robbing a bank in Downtown Austin. De Policía de Austin están tratando de encontrar a la persona responsable de robar un banco en el centro de Austin. Austin Police are trying to find the person responsible for robbing a bank in downtown Austin. http://translate.google.com/translate_t?hl=en#

8. Machine Translation – Another Old One A Florida teen charged with hiring an undercover policeman to shoot and kill his mother instructed the purported hitman not to damage the family television during the attack, police said on Thursday. Un adolescente de la Florida cargado con emplear a un policía de la cubierta interior para tirar y para matar a su madre mandó a hitman pretendida para no dañar la televisión de la familia durante el ataque, limpia dicho el jueves. An adolescent of Florida loaded with using a police of the inner cover to throw and to kill his mother commanded to hitman tried not to damage the television of the family during the attack, clean said Thursday.

9. Machine Translation – 2008 A Florida teen charged with hiring an undercover policeman to shoot and kill his mother instructed the purported hitman not to damage the family television during the attack, police said on Thursday. Un adolescente de Florida acusado de contratar a un policía encubierto para disparar y matar a su madre encargó a la supuesta Hitman no dañar a la familia de televisión durante el ataque, la policía dijo el jueves. A Florida teenager accused of hiring an undercover police to shoot and kill his mother instructed the purported Hitman no harm to the family television during the attack, police said on Thursday.

10. Machine Translation – Today A Florida teen charged with hiring an undercover policeman to shoot and kill his mother instructed the purported hitman not to damage the family television during the attack, police said on Thursday. Un adolescente de Florida acusado de contratar a un policía encubierto para disparar y matar a su madre instrucciones al presunto asesino a sueldo de no dañar el televisor de la familia durante el ataque, dijo la policía el jueves. A Florida teenager accused of hiring an undercover policeman to shoot and kill his mother instructed the alleged murderer paid not to damage the family television during the attack, police said Thursday.

11. Machine Translation I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name. Acabo de regresar de una visita a mi dueño - el solitario vecino que voy a ser perturbada con. Esta es, sin duda, un hermoso país! En Inglaterra todos, no creo que me podría haber fijado en una situación tan completamente eliminado de la conmoción de la sociedad. Un perfecto misanthropist del cielo: y el señor Heathcliff y yo somos una pareja adecuada para dividir la desolación entre nosotros. Una capital compañeros! El poco imaginar cómo mi corazón caliente hacia él cuando vi sus ojos negro retirar de manera sospechosa en virtud de sus cejas, como ya he cabalgó, y cuando sus dedos protegidos ellos mismos, con un celoso de resolución, todavía más lejos en su chaleco, como ya he anunciado mi nombre .

12. Machine Translation I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name. I just returned from a visit to my landlord - the solitary neighbor that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not think I could have set in a situation so completely removed from the commotion of society. A perfect misanthropist of heaven: and Mr. Heathcliff and I are a couple suitable to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! The little imagined how my heart warm to him when I saw his black eyes withdraw so suspicious by virtue of his eyebrows, as I rode, and when his fingers protected themselves with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name.

13. Machine Translation I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name. 私 は私の家主への訪問から帰国している-は、孤独な隣人は私に悩まされるものとする。これは確かに美しい国です！すべてのイングランドでは、私は完全に社会 の状況をかき立てるから削除に固定している可能性があるとは思わない。完璧な人間嫌いの天国： Heathcliff氏と私たちの間の荒廃に分割するような適切なペアがあります。資本やつ！私が乗った彼は少し私の心は彼に向けてどのように私は彼の目 は怪しい黒色のまゆの下で撤退を見た暖め、想像が自分の指を保護、嫉妬の分解能では、まだ遠く彼のチョッキで、私は自分の名前を発表。

14. Machine Translation I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name. I returned from a visit to the landlord is - a lonely neighbor and I are plagued by. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I completely removed from society to stir up the situation may be fixed and I do not think there. I do not like a perfect paradise for human beings: Heathcliff's torn between our appropriate to split into pairs. Capital fellow! He got me a little bit in my heart for him how I'm suspicious of his black eyes under the withdrawal eyebrows looked warm and protect the fingers of his imagination, a jealous resolution, In his waistcoat far yet, I announced my name.

15. Going Both Ways • Notice that these applications require that we process language in two directions: • Understanding • Generation • But also notice that it is possible to do well without going through any meaning representation.

16. When Meaning is Critical English: Put the kid’s cereal on the bottom shelves.

17. Java import java.util.ArrayList; public class GroceryStore { private int[][][] shelves; private ArrayList products; public void placeProducts(String productFile) { FileReader r = new FileReader(productFile); GroceryItemFactory factory = new GroceryItemFactory(); while(r.hasNext()) products.add( factory.createItem(r.readNext())); ThreeDLoc startLoc; GroceryItem temp; for(itemNum = 0; itemNum < products.size(); itemNum++) { temp = (GroceryItem)(products.get(itemNum)) startLoc = temp.getPlacement(this); shelves[startLoc.getX()][startLoc.getY()][startLoc.getY()]= tempgetIDNum(); } } }

18. Java, Continued public class ChildrensCereal extends GroceryItem { private static final int PREFERRED_X = -1; private static final int PREFERRED_Y = 0; private static final int PREFERRED_Z = 0; public ThreeDLoc getPlacement(GroceryStore store) { ThreeDLoc result = new ThreeDLoc(); result.setX(store.find(this)); result.setY(PREFERRED_Y); result.setZ(PREFERRED_Z); return result; } }

19. It’s All about Mapping

20. What Are We Going to Map to? English:Do you know how much it rains in Austin? The database:

21. English: What is the average rainfall, in Austin, in months with 30 days? SQL: SELECT Avg(RainfallByStation.rainfall) AS AvgOfrainfall FROM Stations INNER JOIN (Months INNER JOIN RainfallByStation ON Months.Month = RainfallByStation.month) ON Stations.station = RainfallByStation.station HAVING (((Stations.City)="Austin") AND ((Months.Days)=30));

22. Doing it Without Meaning How much does it rain in Austin? WikiAnswers

23. So Where’s the Holy Grail? Can we just bite the bullet, solve all the hard problems and be done with it once and for all?

24. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • Time flies like an arrow.

25. Ambiguity – the Core Problem ● Chris likes the girl with the cat.

26. Ambiguity – the Core Problem ● Chris likes the girl with the cat.

27. Ambiguity – the Core Problem ● Chris likes the girl with the cat. ● Chris shot the bear with a rifle.

28. Ambiguity – the Core Problem ● Chris likes the girl with the cat. ● Chris shot the bear with a rifle.

29. Ambiguity – the Core Problem ● Chris likes the girl with the cat. ● Chris shot the bear with a rifle. ● Chris shot the bear with a rifle.

30. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • I saw a Boeing 747 flying to New York.

31. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • I saw the Grand Canyon flying to New York.

32. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • I know more beautiful women than Kylie.

33. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • The boys may not go out for recess.

34. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • You can have potatoes or rice and beans. or

35. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • You can have potatoes or rice and beans. and or

36. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • You can have potatoes or rice and salad. and or

37. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • Is there water in the fridge?

38. Ambiguity – the Core Problem • Who cares?

39. Language Requires Knowledge Headlines Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics

40. Language Requires Knowledge Headlines Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics Hospital Pays $100,000 to Overdose Victim’s Family

41. Language Requires Knowledge Headlines Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics Hospital Pays $100,000 to Overdose Victim’s Family TV ads boost eating of obese children.

42. One Kind of Knowledge Concepts like:

43. Chair?

44. Chair?

45. Chair?

46. Chair?

47. Chair?

48. Chair?

49. Chair?

50. Chair?