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Study of Annual and Daily Variations of Fe-55 Nucleus Decay Parameters

This research aims to investigate the stability of nucleus decay parameters, with a focus on the Fe-55 isotope. By measuring the decay rates over long periods of time, we can identify any potential deviations and explore potential interactions with unknown objects in space. The study utilizes a Fe-55 Si-PIN detector and investigates both annual and daily variations.

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Study of Annual and Daily Variations of Fe-55 Nucleus Decay Parameters

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  1. Search for Annual and Daily Variations of Fe-55 Nucleus Decay Parameters S. Mayburov Lebedev Institute of Physics, Moscow Nucleus decay parameters are supposedly independentof environment and are time invariant, hence deviations from exponential dependence for decay product counting rate should be negligible. Natural radioactivity low : Examples: Plutonium α - decay : life-time 87,3 years Strontium β - decay : life-time 50,6 years Experimental tests of nuclide decay parameters stability : E. Rutherford, M. Curie, about 1920 New physics: some unknown objects can exist in outer space : Dark matter, Axions, Exotic neutrinos, etc. Can interactions with such objects modify nuclide decay parameters ? Due to high precision of decay parameter measurements even small temporarydeviations can be detected.

  2. First hints on nucleus decay low violationwere obtained as by-productof applied researches Methodic : long-time measurement of decay rates for long-living isotopes D. Alburger, G. Harbottle, E. Norton - Earth. Sci. Lett. 78 , 168 (1986) β-decay, Isotope - Si-32 , life-time ~ 140 years Experimental decay rate beside standard exponent contained small addition of harmonic periodic function. Oscillation Period: 1 year, oscillation amplitude : 0,054% ± 0,014% Maximal rate: February 15 ± 6 days

  3. H. Siegert et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 9, 49 (1998) β-decay, Isotopes - Ag-108, Ba-133, Eu-154, Kr-85, Ra-226, Sr-90 Oscillation Period: 1 year, oscillation amplitudes varied within (0,068% – 0,088%), average: 0,081% ± 0,0072% (11) maximal counting rate : January 22 ± 10 days

  4. Counting rate versus time for Ag 108 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 year P. A. Sturrock et al. - arXiv:1408.3090

  5. Counting rates versus time for Eu154, Kr85, Ra226, Sr90 P. A. Sturrock et al. - arXiv:1408.3090

  6. Other results • P.A. Sturrock et al. , Astropart. Phys. 36, 18 (2012) • γ-decay, Isotope : Rn 222 • Oscillation Period: 1 year, oscillation amplitude : ~ 0,1% • A. Parkhomov et al. , Astropart. Phys. 35, 755 (2012) • β - decay , Isotopes : Co 60, Sr 90 • Oscillation Periods: 1 year, 29.5 days, 24 hours, • oscillation amplitude : ~ 0,1% • Baurov et al., Int. J. Pure & Appl. Phys. 6, 469 (2010) β - decay , Isotope : Co – 60 Oscillation periods: 27 days , 24 hours , amplitude ~ .1%

  7. α - decay measurements K.J. Ellis et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 35,1079 (1990) Oscillation Period: 1 year, oscillation amplitude : 0,08% ± 0,01% maximal rate : February 20 ± 10 days E. Alekseev et al. : arXiv - 1505.01752 Direct life-time measurement :

  8. P&C - 2011 Experiment Tau-2 in Baksan laboratory - t Measurement for Po-214 E. Alekseev et al. arXiv : 1505.01752 Decay Scheme of nuclide226Ra  , α e t = 1.64∙10 seс -4 214-Po* —> 214-Po +  ; 214-Po nuclide birth marked by e - ,  emission 214-Po nuclide decay marked by alpha emission

  9. Time dependence of 214 Po lifetime for moving - average algorithm Fit F(t) : 12; t(t)= t0 [1+ A sin (ωt+φ) ] ; А= (8,9 ± 2,3)10 – 4 ~ september 22 ± 8 days

  10. 214 Po life-time sun-day (24 h) oscillations from moving-average algorithm Daily amplitude: А = (7,5 ± 1,2) Maximal life-time at : 6 a.m. ± 20 min.

  11. 214 Po life-time lunar-day oscillations from moving-average algorithm (average lunar-day= 24 h 50 мin. 28,2 sec.) t ms t ms hours hours hours -4 Amplitude А = (6,9±2)*10

  12. Electron capture features and parameters Electron capture is inverse beta-decay : electron from K-shell captured by nuclide proton, neutron and neutrino are produced. In addition X-ray can be emitted due to transition of electron from upper shell to K-shell e + p  n + ve + γ N e Fe-55 : two X-ray lines - α: E = 5.9 KeV , P =.87, ΔL= 0 β :E = 6,5 KeV, , P=.13, ΔL= 1 Life – time : 1004 days

  13. Si Pin detector Fe-55 Amplitude Spectra 5,9 KeV 6,5 Kev

  14. Fe-55 Electron Capture Measurementwith Si-PIN Detectors PhIAN - BGU collaboration Si-PIN X-ray detector - spectrometer Cooling : T =- 55 C Surface Diameter - 4 mm Advantages of Fe- 55 measurements: New kind of weak process for decay oscillation search Self- calibration via the positions of X-ray spectra peaks , high stability Low background level Problems : Account of systematic effects: influence of atmospheric pressure, humidity, etc.

  15. Fe-55Decay Rate Measurement Set - up Thermostat Computer Fe-55 Si - Pin Internal thermostat - T = - 55 C External thermostat - T = 20 C

  16. Experimental Test Study of Detector Performance Fe-55 intensity ~ 300 Kbk Detector aperture ~ π / 8 , Statistics ~ 2*10^7 events per day daily statistical error σ = .03 % 22 months of data storage Background ~ 35 ± 7 events/ per day Background rate corresponds to estimated rate of cosmic ray flow

  17. exp ( -t / T )

  18. Perigee

  19. Perigee

  20. Earth annual motion Apogee 3.7 Earth Perigelium 4.1 Sun Orbit radius difference ΔR = 3%

  21. Fourier spectrum 8.3.2017 – 19.12.2017 T = 28 days exp ( -t / T )

  22. New moon configuration Sun Sun Earth Ecliptics Moon o Full moon configuration Moon Sun Earth

  23. dR = (.41 ± .02) %,

  24. 3 day full moon rate excess * D < D > = (.13 ± .005) %,

  25. Maximal new Moon is Sun eclipse Sun Moon Earth

  26. Total Sun Eclipse 21.8.2017 Partial SunEclipse 26.2.2017

  27. Total Sun Eclipse 21.8.2017 Partial SunEclipse 26.2.2017 24 hours 24 hours

  28. Sun 24 hours Sun

  29. Decay Oscillation Study Project Vacuum ~ .01 mm Thermostability ~ 0.1 %

  30. Conclusions • Multiple experiments on nuclide decay rate measurements indicate the possible existence of annual and daily variations at the level about • Electron capture in Fe- 55 measured by Si detectors can possess high sensitivity to such variations at low background. 3) Measurements performed during 15.12.2016 - 2.10.2018 evidence for possible decay rate variation attributed to full moon and earth orbit perigee effects. 4) Comparison with theoretical models can provide important insights

  31. Nonlinear Field Theory and Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics Born (1946) Heisenberg (1948) Linearity of Quantum theory is just the hypothesis, and not the axiom Heisenberg (1949) Its low energy limit is nonlinear Quantummechanics Experimental tests: neutron interferometry (1981) optical level shift in atoms and ions (1990)

  32. Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics - Schroedinger equation (1928) - Nonlinear Schroedinger equation All fundamental physical theories are nonlinear, quantum mechanics is the only exception. However, there are no arguments, which prove finally and straightforwardly that quantum mechanics should be linear S. Weinberg Nonlinear models of quantum mechanics : Bialanicki- Birula (1976) Weinberg (1989) - Doebner – Goldin (1993)

  33. Quantum theory of nucleus α-decay Nucleus α-decay can be described as quantum tunneling of α-particle through the potential barrier constituted by nucleus coulomb potential and nuclear forces on nuclei border Gamow (1929) particle plane wave spreads from stationary equation

  34. Particle tunneling in nonlinear model Mayburov (2018) For α - decay 0 a x We should solve stationary nonlinear equation For small λ

  35. E 0 a x - exact solution for main term

  36. Nonlinear effects for external field (Kibble, 1989) - gravitation field - Doebner – Goldin ansatz - field dependence of nonlinear term for

  37. Electron capture andα- decay study project In the same set-up to measure by silicon detectors i) Decay rates for Fe-55 electron capture Ii ) Decay rates for Pu -238 , Am-241 α– decays To study correlations between different decay events and detector signals

  38. Si-Pin detector stability control performed via measurement of Fe-55 X-ray amplitude peak position 5,9 KeV 6,5 Kev

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