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hod;Lx Û ;] jf /f]

hod;Lx Û ;] jf /f]. sg ofSy 'ª ;s;s x' … l;ª lyDa ] … cf ]. s'wS ;S - s'ws ;s_. s v u P i r p h - - t y b w g k m a e d o F n j - ; x. s'a'I ;S -s'a'ª ;s_. c cf cl c' c]

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hod;Lx Û ;] jf /f]

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  1. hod;Lx Û;]jf/f] sg\ ofSy'ª\ ;s\;s\ x'…l;ª\ lyDa]…cf]

  2. s'wS ;S -s'ws\ ;s\_ s v u P i r p h - - t y b w g k m a e d o F n j - ; x

  3. s'a'I ;S -s'a'ª\ ;s\_ c cf cl c' c] c cf O p P c]] cf] cf]] c[ P] cf] cf} PÞ

  4. ;SgfD dfqf s sf sl s' s] s]] sf] sf]] s[ s sf ls s' s] s} sf] sf} sÞ] v vf vl v' v] v]] vf] vf]] v[ v vf lv v' v] v} vf] vf} vÞ] x xf xl x' x] x]] xf] xf]] x[ x xf lx x' x] x} xf] xf} xÞ]

  5. s = S s = S i = I ª = ª\ t = T t = T g = G g = G k = K k = K d = D d = D F = U / = { n = N n = N r'S ;S-;fgf] cIf/_

  6. o = O o = o\ F = q / = « j = J j = J vKkfO vk\Kof v[sqS/v[tqS vÞ]qms/vÞ]qs rfJT Rjft\ cM]St'D ;S -;+o'QmfIf/_

  7. lnDa' b]jgfu/L M = sM]Dm[qI ` =s]MDk¥|m]»\o;nfO{ lb3{ :j/ -nfdf] pRrf/0f_ elgG5 . h:t} M— dfMIdfM»\ 6f8f] ;fMSt[ ;fMSt]Þ s]nf tfMSt' tfMSt'yfKof] s';M]S ;S -pklrGx_

  8. lqmofdf s]Dk|Þm]Mª\ -`_sf] k|of]u sfSdf – sfSdf, sfMSdf –sfMSdf rs{g' , 8Nnf] gfF£g' vfSdf –vfSdf, vMfSdf –vfMSdf s7fª\lu|g'rf]Ol6g' rffSdf –rfSdf rfMfSdf –rfMSdf nufO{ lbg'kf}8g',dRrfpg'

  9. lqmofdf s]Dk|Þm]Mª\ -`_sf] k|of]u tfSdf – tfSdf, tfMSdf –tfMSdf hDg' yfKg' gfSdf – gfSdf, gfMSdf –gfMSdf em'lSsg' dfUg' yfSdf – yfSdf, yfMSdf –yfMSdf pef] Nofpg', a'Gg' nfdf] afFRg'

  10. 2) d'Sm[qI d'Sk|Þ]mª\ lnDa'b]jgfu/L ( C) = d'Sm[[qI, d'Sk|Þ]mª\ = (…) s07\o :kif{ (Glotal Stop) elgG5 . sCof] söof] — oxfF v[Cof] v]¥öof] — ToxfF

  11. 1) lqmofdfd'Dk|Þm]Mª\ -…_sf] k|of]u sfCdf – sfödfsfdf –sfdf rs{g'af:g' vfCdf –vfödfvfdf –vfdf rkfP/ Vjfpg'c3fpg' rffCdf –rfödfrfdf –rfdf ufx|f] x'g', /+u nfUg'vfg'

  12. lqmofdf d'Dk|Þm]Mª\ -…_sf] k|of]u gfCdf – gfödfgfdf –gfdf 5f]8\g'yfSg' , uNg' tfCdf –tfödftfdf – tfdf 6fF8 agfpg' cfpg' rlCdf –lrödfrldf –lrdf lr:ofpg' lr;f] x'g'

  13. 2) cf1fdf d'Dk|Þm]Mª\ -…_sf] k|of]u m[F[ – k¥m]/¥]m[FC[ – k¥]m/¥]ö cfof]cfOh k]u[ – k]u]¥k]uC[ – k]u]¥ö uof] hf nfIP]u[ –nf»\3]u¥] nfIP]u[C–nf»\3]u¥]ö lx8\of] lx8\

  14. 3) cGodf d'Dk|Þm]Mª\ -…_sf] k|of]u v[dfC — v]¥dföv[df — vÞ]df emu8f ?b} k5\ofpg' n'IdfC — n'»\dfön'Idf — n'»\df d'6' ;dfKt kfg{ o'dfC — o'dföo'df — o'df af]h' tn cfpg'

  15. PQ' (c]) / k]ÞTr (c[) sf] km/s M s]af s]af Aff3 s[af s¥]af nf6f] v]df v]df Aff‰g' v[df v¥]df ?b} k5\ofpg' kM'G k[. k'Mg\ k]¥.. r/f p8\5 . dgfG k]. dgfg\ k].. dflg; uof]

  16. ;cl( -) ;O{

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