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Surveillance in Europe: status and plans

Surveillance in Europe: status and plans. MAKS 2013, Moscow 29 th August 2013. Johan Martensson Network Manager Directorate, EUROCONTROL. Agenda. ADS-B/WAM Deployment – CASCADE . Ground Surveillance Applications (ADS-B Out). 2010 IOC. Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar areas (NRA)

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Surveillance in Europe: status and plans

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  1. Surveillance in Europe:status and plans MAKS 2013, Moscow 29th August 2013 Johan Martensson Network Manager Directorate, EUROCONTROL

  2. Agenda

  3. ADS-B/WAM Deployment – CASCADE • Ground Surveillance Applications (ADS-B Out) 2010 IOC • Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar areas (NRA) • Enhanced ATS in Radar areas (RAD) • Airport Surface Surveillance (APT) • Aircraft derived data (ADD) ADS-B Receiver • Wide Area Multilateration (WAM) • Interval Management (FIM - ADS-B In Spacing) • Airborne Surveillance Applications (ADS-B In ATSAW) • Enhanced TSA during Flight operations (AIRB) • In Trail Procedure (ITP) • Visual separation on approach (VSA) • Enhanced TSA for Surface operations (SURF) 2011 IOC ATS – Air Traffic Services TSA – Traffic Situation Awareness

  4. Global interoperability • More than a decade of intensive international co-operation • ANSPs/Airspace Users/Industry/Regulators • Common Standards for Operations and Systems • Completed for • ADS-B Out • ADS-B In: Traffic Situation Awareness in the cockpit • Ongoing for • ADS-B In: Spacing, Separation, Alerting • Aligned Certification material • Civil-Military interoperability • Reduction of exemptions for State aircraft • Provisions for military in SES Regulations • Rationalisation of CNS infrastructure • Exchange of functional performance assessment results • Guidance to implementers • Great contribution to global interoperability and cost-efficiency

  5. Agenda

  6. EU Regulation 1207/2011 ADS-B OUT Mandate Phase Pioneer Phase Voluntary implementation in pocket areas Certified existing equipage IR based implementationin wider areas Upgraded equipage 2015 2017 2019 Avionics: EASA AMC20-24 Avionics: EASA CS-ACNS Forward-fit Retro-fit State a/c ADS-B IN Pioneer Phase Voluntary implementation in wider areas New equipage Avionics: EASA AMC20-24 and later EASA CS-ACNS ADS-B and WAM Deployment in Europe WAM WAM / ADS-B Ground system Deployment

  7. ADS-B Out and Mode S Mandate • Mandate dates • Forward fit 8 Jan 2015 • Retrofit 7 Dec 2017 • Provisions for State a/c (Article 8) • 7 Dec 2017 (Mode S ELS) • 1 Jan 2019 (Mode S EHS and ADS-B for transport-type aircraft) Regulation (EU) 1207/2011 European Commission Single European Sky Surveillance Performance & Interoperability Implementing Rule (SPI IR) • All aircraft flying IFR/GAT • Mode S ELS • Aircraft flying IFR/GAT >5700 kg or >250kts TAS • ADS-B Out & Mode S EHS • Option for ADS-B specific airspace mandate 7

  8. Mode S radar Deployment • 322 Mode S radars • 12 new applications (not included)

  9. ADS-B & WAM Deployment 9

  10. Estimated ADS-B & WAM sensors & systems 10

  11. Aircraft readiness for ADS-B Out operations Two certification baselines: AMC 20-24 Legacy ADS-B Out installations are generally compliant to AMC20-24 Several configurations are Certified Currently used in Operations Short term implementation in lower density airspace CS-ACNS – compliance means for EU Regulation 1207/2011 Avionics upgrade required (currently limited availability) Support high density surveillance Recommended (future) implementation baseline

  12. EU IR 1207/2011 (CS-ACNS)Key ADS-B Avionics Requirements • System Integrity: 10-5/fh • System Continuity: 5000fh MTBF* • Stringent Latency requirements • Additional GPS receiver qualification required (beyond ETSO level) • Same data sources as for SSR • Device & function failure indications • Air/ground status determination • Geo Alt: only height-above-ellipsoid • Antenna diversity, transmit power – same as for Mode S • * CS-ACNS NPA suggesting “remote” discussion on-going Total Latency: < 1.5s Uncomp. Latency: < 0.6s

  13. ADS-B Out Regulations in Europe and USAHigh-level comparison Europe 1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS) ≈ US 14 CFR 91.227(AC20-165A)

  14. ADS-B IN 5000+ ATSAW flights • First ATSAW certified aircraft delivered June 2011 • First ATSAW Operations by Swiss 7 Feb 2012 • 5000+ flights performed so far Pioneer operators • Other operators are ordering ADS-B In for new a/c 14

  15. Agenda

  16. Surveillance Evolution & Consequences • Surveillance functions are moving to the aircraft • Cooperative surveillance: Mode A/C >> Mode S >> ADS-B • More information is provided by the airborne sub-system • Surveillance performance is more dependent on the airborne sub-system • Airborne surveillance sub-system is becoming more complex • More functions • Increasing number of interfaces with avionics  Increasing need for air-ground & air-air interoperability  Increasing need for inter-avionics equipment interoperability

  17. Performance Monitoring 13300 ADS-B aircraft in the Database 19 billion ADS-B reports Continuous monitoring International co-ordination

  18. Agenda

  19. Ground SurveillanceTechnical specifications • Composite ADS-B and WAM surveillance system specification • Surveillance services from a single equipment network architecture • New system specification for combined systems (ED-nnn) • Updated ADS-B & WAM system specifications (ED-129 & ED-142) • Generic Surveillance (GEN-SUR) - SPR & PSC • Guidance to address safety requirements in EC Regulation 1207/2011 – Safety assessment for all Surveillance systems • Combining surveillance techniques (ADS-B, Radar, WAM) at functional a level

  20. Ground SurveillanceSatellite based ADS-B • Global coverage of ADS-B Out • excluding higher density areas • Several studies • One consortium (Aireon) with firm deployment plans • Objective to support 15-15 NM Separation • 66 LEO satellites (Iridium NEXT) • First launch 2015 / Full constellation 2017 • ATM Impact – key areas • Network Improvement • Business Case • Interoperability • Global coordination will be required

  21. ADS-B Out expansion beyond Air Transport • Proposal to increase the scope of EU Regulation 1207/2011 • No change to existing requirements or dates ! • Objective to cover all aircraft subject to surveillance • Maximise Surveillance infrastructure rationalisation • Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data • Low cost ADS-B Out [GNSS & Transponder] • Two initiatives: • LPSE – Low Power Surveillance Equipment (FAA) • LPAT – Low Power ADS-B Transceiver (UK) • Voluntary equipage • Target low end airspace users, visible for Situation Awareness but not for ATC separation services • Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data

  22. ABS-B IN Next steps • Flight Deck Interval Management (FIM) • Speed guidance to achieve precise interval spacing between aircraft • Step 1: MOPS & SPR target end 2014 • Step 2: tbd • Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerts (TSAA) • ADS-B based collision avoidance system for aircraft without ACAS II • At the “traffic advisory” level, i.e. no coordination or resolution advisories • MOPS & SPR target end 2013 • CDTI Assisted Visual Separation on Approach (CAVS) • After initial visual contact - allow Own Visual Separation where the Display replaces visual contact • MOPS & SPR target end 2013

  23. Other Surveillance related Developments • Flight plan indications for ADS-B • Proposal to introduce means to indicate specific ADS-B Out and ADS-B In capabilities in the ICAO flight plan • FPL 2012 indications as baseline • Expanding through the SUR/ indicator in Item 18 • ACAS improvements • Hybrid ACAS – reduced RF though passive use of ADS-B • ACAS X – Improved ACAS, backwards compatible, with application adjusted logic • Improved data link for Surveillance • 1090 MHz increased bandwidth through phase modulation • Future data link studies

  24. Conclusions Surveillance standards and Regulationspublished Airborne & Ground Deploymentongoing RationalisedHigh PerformanceSurveillancesystem New Application Developmentongoing Global Interoperability

  25. Questions

  26. SES Surveillance Regulations overview Airborne Surveillance – ADS-B In Voluntary benefit driven implementation Airborne Safety net – ACAS II v7.1 – IR driven EC IR 1332/2011 ICAO Forward-fit v7.1 EUR Forward-fit v7.1 EUR Retro-fit v7.1 Air / Ground Interface – Mode S & ADS-B Out – IR driven Aircraft operators Service providers Forward-fitELS / EHS / ADS-B Mil.Trp.a/c EHS / ADS-B Retro-fitELS / EHS / ADS-B Mil. a/c ELS EC IR 1207/2011 NPA 2012-19 -> CS-ACNS Systems ready for Aircraft ID as identification means EC IR 1206/2011 Ground Surveillance – ADS-B Out / Mode S / WAM Most appropriate & efficient surveillance solution for the particular environment

  27. SES Surveillance Regulations Applicability • EU IR 1207/2011 – Mode S & ADS-B Out (v2) • All IFR/GAT aircraft • Mode S ELS • IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS • ADS-B Out • Fixed wing IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS • Mode S EHS • ANSPs • Most efficient solution • Possibility for local mandates • EU IR 1332/2011 – ACAS II v7.1 • Turbine-powered aeroplanes > 5 700 kg or > 19 passengers • ACAS II v7.1 • Also applies to aircraft which will be equipped on a voluntary basis • Does not apply to unmanned aircraft systems Timeline ADS-B/ELS/EHS Rtr + ELS Mil. a/c7 dec 2017 ADS-B/ELS/EHS Fwd 8 Jan 2015 ADS-B/EHS Mil. Trp. a/c1 Jan 2019 Regional Mode S mandates TCAS v7.1 Fwd1 Mar 2012 TCAS v7.1 Rtr1 Dec 2015 Ground systems ACID ready 2 Jan 2020 (EU IR 1206/2011)

  28. ICAO Documents SASP - Separation and Airspace Safety Panel ASTAF - Airborne Surveillance Task Force • ADS-B Out • Annex 10 Volume IV (Current Amdt 85, next version: v2 ES 1207/2011) • Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012) • ADS-B In [AIRB, ITP, SURF, VSA] + [IM, CAVS, CAPP, TSAA] +… • PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) to include A/C Operating Procedures • Airborne Surveillance Manual (Draft Doc 9994, ASTAF) • ITP (SASP and ASTAF) • PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) ITP Circular (Draft) • Mode S & ACAS II • Annex 10 Volume III & IV • Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012) • ACAS Manual (Doc 9863 ed2, 2012)

  29. Regional Regulatory Documents • Equipment certification: • ADS-B Out ETSO-C166b (Jul 2012)* + ETSO-C129a / ETSO-C145c/146c / ETSO-196a • ADS-B In ETSO-C195a (Jul 2012), TCAS hybrid sur. ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009) • ACAS II ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009) • Mode S ETSO-C112d (to be issued) • Airworthiness Approval • ADS-B Out: CS-ACNS (NPA 2012-19, expected Q2 2013)(AC20-165A (Nov 2012)) • ADS-B In: CRI (Certification Review Item), Tbd EASA Certification Memo(AC20-172A (Mar 2012)) • Mode S & CS-ACNS (NPA 2012-19, expected Q2 2013), JAA TGL13 Rev1 (June 2003),ACAS II AMC20-13 (Dec 2006)(AC20-131A, AC20-151A)

  30. ADS-B Out Required Data items

  31. Mode S Required Data items

  32. Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit casesNon-Radar Airspace • TMA around secondary airports with increasing traffic (e.g. low-cost carriers) • No Surveillance coverage • Reduced efficiency (sub-optimal routing, holdings etc.) -> estimate 2-3 mins per a/c -> enabling of PBN (Kos/Greece as a pilot case) • If there are predominant carriers, current ADS-B technology could be used • If there is mixed fleet, WAM could be an alternative (typically higher cost than ADS-B as it includes multiple stations but still lower than radar)

  33. Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit casesRadar Airspace • Future Radar decommissioning • Cost avoidance (ADS-B/WAM cost is significantly lower) • Assessed with UK NATS (Mode S radar replacement) • WAM can be used now • ADS-B requires the SPI IR functionality (dates 2015-2017) • Clause for ANSP efficiency • IR 1207/2011 extension? • Incentives (e.g. low-end)?

  34. ACAS X

  35. EC Implementing Rule Exemptions and Incentives Regulation (EU) 1207/2011 European Commission Single European Sky Surveillance Performance & Interoperability Implementing Rule (SPI IR) Exemption provisions: • Mode S EHS only (specific architectures) Basic Regulation (EU) 216/2008 • Generic exemption provisions: • Article 14 para 4 and 5 • INCENTIVES: • At this stage not anticipated for AOC holders 35

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