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How different is the structure of Manaus and Tapajos forests?

How different is the structure of Manaus and Tapajos forests?. Mônica Takako Shimabukuro Michael Lefsky Scott Saleska Yosio Shimabukuro Dalton Morrison Valeriano Maria Hunter International Scientific Conference “Amazon in Perspective: Integrated Science for a Sustainable Future”

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How different is the structure of Manaus and Tapajos forests?

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  1. How different is the structure of Manaus and Tapajos forests? Mônica Takako ShimabukuroMichael LefskyScott SaleskaYosio ShimabukuroDalton Morrison ValerianoMaria Hunter International Scientific Conference “Amazon in Perspective: Integrated Science for a Sustainable Future” LBA/GEOMA/PPBIO - Manaus, 17XI2008

  2. Manaus & Tapajós Manaus Closed canopy upland forest 2285 mm averaged annual rainfall 3 month dry season 07 to 09 Oligotrophic xanthic ferrasols Rugged relief Tapajós National Forest Closed canopy upland forest 1909 mm averaged annual rainfall 5 month dry season 07 to11 Oligotrophic clay oxisols, flat relief

  3. Structural differences between Manaus and Tapajos Coarse woody, Debris stocks (CWD), Tree growth,Mortality, Recruitment Pyle et al.

  4. Airborne lidar surveyed area=> 4032 ha 14 1 2 4 3 7 6 8 5 9 10 15 11 12 13 16 17 Date:june/july 2008 Size: 100Gb

  5. High and low density cover

  6. 3-D information from the canopy (“cloud points”) Overhead view Diagonal view Lateral view

  7. What we can do with 3-D information? Canopy surface create =>digital terrain model h

  8. Canopy height surface seems different ! Site 4 Manaus – Florestal Site 14 Tapajos – km67

  9. Exploratory analysis Canopy structure • Horizontal analysis • crown analisys (inter and intra-sites) • cluster (inter and intra-areas) • Vertical analysis • profile (inter and intra-areas)

  10. Crown analysis Ducke 52-54 80-82 82-84 66-68 84-86 • Emergents/m2 (inter and intra-sites) • Terrain surface

  11. Crown analysis

  12. The tallest trees Above 40 m height

  13. Canopy height surface seems different ! Site 14 Tapajos – km 67 Site 6 Manaus – CTF

  14. Canopy Volume

  15. Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM): (1) measures of contrast (2) measures of orderliness (3) height moments Ecognition Canopy Height Model (CHM) small patches aggregated based on given parameters: (1) shape (2) scale (3) compactness patches with texture statistics JMP Principal Component Analysis: PCA1: dissimilarity, contrast, correlation, homogeneity PCA2: entropy and height PCA3: standard deviation of GLCM and height + height FINAL CLUSTERS Patterns identification procedure

  16. Cluster descriptors

  17. CHM Segmentation Segmentation Site 14 - Tapajos km 67

  18. Distribution of clusters site14 Tapajos km 67

  19. Cluster frequency Manaus Tapajós

  20. Vertical analysis (strata profile) Cover classes Height classes (m)

  21. Stratification groups per site Dimona Cabo Frio Colosso Florestal Gavião CTFS km 41 km 41 km 41 ZF-2 Ducke Ducke Ducke km 67 Km 83 Km 83 km 83 Manaus Tapajos

  22. Final remarks • Results of the Lidar exploratory analyses is in accordance with Pyle’s conclusions • Total amount of above ground volume is similar between Manaus and TNF sites • There are differences in the canopy spatial structure • Lidar can measure those differences • 2. Next steps: • Calibrate and combine the LiDAR data with ground data • Measure others structures such as gap analysis

  23. Obrigada ! Martius 1840-1869

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