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The Failure of Versailles

The Failure of Versailles. The End of World War I. Focus Question. What is the best way to maintain peace between two people who have been fighting?. Mobilization. The U.S. mobilized swiftly Focused on industry to the war effort America as the arsenal of democracy

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The Failure of Versailles

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  1. The Failure of Versailles The End of World War I

  2. Focus Question • What is the best way to maintain peace between two people who have been fighting?

  3. Mobilization • The U.S. mobilized swiftly • Focused on industry to the war effort • America as the arsenal of democracy • Established numerous agencies to harness production • War Industries Board – Manufacturing • Food Administration – Agricultural production • Fuel Administration – Stockpile fuel for war use • National War Labor Board – prevent work stoppages

  4. Public Morale Vital • The Committee of Public Information • George Creel • Sponsored Public Speakers • Promoted films newsreels, songs, etc. • Support the War effort

  5. Civil Rights Violations • Socialists and peace activists targeted • Espionage Act of 1917 • Sedition Act of 1918 • 1,000 convicted • Upheld in Schenck v. United States 1919 “Clear and Present Danger”

  6. Not a Bang, but a Whimper • The War ended on November 11, 1918 • German troops simply gave up • Could not match numbers of the Allies • Allied troops did not set foot in Germany during the War

  7. Versailles • Negotiators assembled at Versailles • Many looked to Wilson for leadership • “Fourteen Points of Peace” • “Peace Without Victory” • “Prevent all future wars” • Promoted League of Nations

  8. Fourteen Points of Peace • Proposed by Wilson in March 1918 • Sought to craft a “just and lasting peace” • “Peace without victory” • Built on three legs • Guarantees of Peace • Self-Determination of boundaries • No war guilt

  9. Too Idealistic • The Allies wished to punish Germany • Treaty of Versailles • Set up a draconian peace • Germany to admit war guilt • Germany to pay reparations • Forced occupation of Germany • Negotiated in secret

  10. Seeds Laid • High levels of resentment in Germany • Led to rise of totalitarian government • Power Vacuum in Eastern Europe • Nine new countries • Borders “fluid” • No guiding Power

  11. German Resentment • Versailles humiliated Germany • Faced occupation and starvation • Economy collapsed in the 1920s • Desperation ruined the fledging democracy • Germany left vulnerable to demagogues

  12. U.S. Withdrawal • U.S. reclaimed its Isolationist mantle • Refused to ratify Treaty of Versailles • Refused to join the League of Nations • U.S. the only untouched Great Power • Left a power vacuum in the world

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