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Schedule Changes 2011

Schedule Changes 2011. Outline. Main changes to the schedule: 2011 Pneumococcal disease Impact of pneumococcal vaccines New PCV vaccines Synflorix  (PCV10) Prevenar 13  (PCV13) High risk programme New Hib vaccine brand: Act-Hib™ BCG New brand New eligibility criteria

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Schedule Changes 2011

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  1. Schedule Changes 2011

  2. Outline • Main changes to the schedule: 2011 • Pneumococcal disease • Impact of pneumococcal vaccines • New PCV vaccines • Synflorix (PCV10) • Prevenar 13(PCV13) • High risk programme • New Hib vaccine brand: Act-Hib™ • BCG • New brand • New eligibility criteria • Common Qs and As Thanks to GSK for their kind permission to use content from some of their slides.

  3. 2011 NZ Immunisation Schedule

  4. Schedule changes: summary Synflorix (PCV10) replaces Prevenar(PCV7) at 6 weeks, 3, 5 & 15 months High risk children only: Prevenar 13 (PCV13) followed by Pneumovax 23 (23PPV)

  5. Summary cntd. • MeNZB vaccine is no longer available. • Change in BCG brand and eligibility criteria • Act-HIB™ replaces Hiberix™ • The date the new vaccines are available will be later than 1 July while existing vaccine stocks are used up • The Immunisation Handbook 2011 will be available online during May and hardcopies will be sent to practices in June • Rubella antibody levels to indicate protection are now recommended to be ≥15IU/mL (previously it was ≥10 IU/mL)

  6. Pneumococcal disease

  7. Pneumococcal disease is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae • S. pneumoniae is a gram-positive diplococcus with a polysaccharide capsule1,2 • >90 serotypes with different polysaccharide chains1,2 • Normal inhabitant of human nasopharynx2 • not found in animals3 • Use of antibiotics has caused resistant strains to emerge1-3 1World Health Organization. Pneumococcal vaccines: 2003. 2US CDC. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine preventable diseases. 2009. 3EU CDC. Factsheet for healthcare professionals. 2008. Photo credit: Image of pneumococcal serotype 19F; Rob Smith.

  8. Nasal cavity Eustachian tube Nasopharynx Pharynx Larynx Trachea Primary bronchi Lungs Pneumococcal bacteria cause disease when they spread beyond the nasopharynx S. pneumoniae Colonisation Meningitis Upper respiratory tract infections Sinusitis Otitis media Invasive disease Lower respiratory tract infections Pneumonia Bacteraemia/ septicaemia Parapneumonic empyema

  9. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a spectrum of invasive and non-invasive disease Vaccination drivers Severity Deaths Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Hospitalisation Costs Volume of cases Economic costs Antibiotic use and resistance Adapted from Melegaro et al. J Infection 2006, 52(1):37–48. Silfverdal et al. Vaccine 2009; 27: 1601–1608. WHO. The global burden of disease. 2008. O’Brien et al. Lancet 2009;374:893–902.

  10. Pneumonia and otitis media also cause a substantial burden of disease in NZ Cases per 100,000* 23 295 808 *Disease in children younger than 5 years before implementation of PCV7 immunisation in NZ. Milne, Vander Hoorn. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2010;8:281–300.

  11. Impact of pneumococcal vaccines

  12. IPD in children younger than 5 years worldwide by serotype Adapted from Pneumo-ADIP. Geneva: WHO; 2007.

  13. PCV7 immunisation programmes in the USA have reduced IPD Rate of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by PCV7 serotypes in the USA Overall decline in IPD >75% PCV7 programme Cases per 100,000 population Adults ≥65 years 76% decrease Children ≤5 years 97% decrease Year Adapted from Hicks et al.J Infect Dis. 2007;196:1346-54.

  14. PCV7 immunisation in New Zealand has reduced IPD Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in children younger than 2 years PCV7 serotypes Adapted from ESR. NZ Public Health Surveillance Report 2010; 8 (4) 4-5.

  15. Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotypes 4,6B,9V,14,18C,19F,23F by age group 2004 – 2009, NZ Ref: Figure 9.2 NZ Immunisation Handbook 2011

  16. Pneumococcal vaccines in NZ

  17. The Vaccines PCV10: Synflorix - Routine childhood programme • Contains the 7 types and 3 extra • Conjugated to Protein D(non-typable H influenza) PCV13: Prevenar 13 - High risk children • Contains the 7 types and 6 extra • conjugated to CRM197 (non-toxin diphtheria) 23PPV: Pneumovax 23 - High risk adults /children • A polysaccharide vaccine • Less immunogenic, shorter duration of immunity • Poorly immunogenic in children under 2 years

  18. Summary of pneumococcal vaccine serotype content

  19. String of sugars = polysaccharide Polysaccharide vaccines • Made from polysaccharide from the capsule surrounding the bacteria • Works in adults • Two major problems • Not immunogenic in babies • No immune memory

  20. Polysaccharide And lipid (LPS) Pneumococcal bacterium Polysaccharide-protein conjugate Purification process Chemical Reaction CRM197 Protein Carrier Lipid Conjugate vaccine

  21. PCV10 (Synflorix)

  22. Synflorix increases coverage of IPD worldwide IPD in children younger than 5 years worldwide by serotype Adapted from: 1Pneumo-ADIP. Geneva: WHO; 2007. 2GSK. SynflorixData Sheet. 2010 .

  23. Serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal disease can vary over time • Serotype 1 has increased in NZ in recent years1and is one of the most prevalent serotypes in IPD globally2 • In 2009 in NZ, serotype 1: • was the most prevalent cause of IPD (153 cases, 16%)in the total population1 • was the most prevalent cause of IPD in children younger than 2 years (12 cases, 22%)1 • was the second most prevalent serotype (15 cases, 16%) after serotype 14 (17 cases, 18%) in children under 5 years of age1 • The incidence of 19A has been steady in NZ over recent years, with no increase observed since the introduction of PCV71,3,4 • 8 cases in children younger than 2 years in 20091 1ESR. Invasive pneumococcal disease in New Zealand, 2009. 2010. 2Pneumo-ADIP. WHO; 2007. 3ESR. NZ Publ Health Surveill Rep 2010;8(4):4-5. 4Heffernan et al. Epidemiol. Infect 2008;136:352–359.

  24. Synflorixextends coverage against IPD • The WHO required that future vaccines contain serotypes 1 and 5, since they cause a large proportion of severe disease.1 • Serotypes 1, 5, and 7F together account for about 15% of global pneumococcal morbidity and mortality.2 • In NZ in 2009, serotypes 1 and 7F caused 17% of IPD in children younger than 5 years.3 • These serotypes were included in Synflorix because compared with other serotypes they cause more: • invasive disease (1 and 5)4 • complicated pneumonias and empyemas(1, 5, and 7F)5 • severe disease and deaths (7F)6 • outbreaks of meningitis (1 and 5)7 1WHO. Target Product Profile for the Pneumococcal AMC. 2008. 2Pneumo-ADIP. WHO; 2007. 3ESR. Invasive pneumococcal disease in New Zealand, 2009. 2010. 4Shouval et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25(7):602–607. 5Hausdorff et al. Vaccine 2007;25:2406–12. 6Ruckinger et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:118–22. 7Torzillo et al. Vaccine 2007;25:2375–78.

  25. Composition of Synflorix – designed as a dual-pathogen vaccine Non-typeable H. influenzae S. pneumoniae Main carrier protein: Protein D Polysaccharides TT DT 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F 1, 5, 7F NTHi Protein D • 8 serotypes conjugated to protein D • 18C conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) • 19F conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (DT) GSK NZ. SynflorixData Sheet. 2010.

  26. Summary: the design of Synflorix • Synflorix protects against invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and acute otitis media1 • Synflorix extends protection by inclusion of serotypes 1, 5, and 7F1 • Additional design features: • Inclusion of 6B and 19F stimulates cross-reactive functional immune responses to pneumococcal serotypes 6A and 19A.1,2 • Inclusion of Protein D enables immune responses against not only S. pneumoniae but also NTHi (these two bacteria cause up to 80% of acute otitis media)1-5 • Note: Data on immune responses to cross-reactive serotypes and NTHi are reviewed in the Synflorix Data Sheet.1Synflorix is only indicated against disease caused by vaccine serotypes.1 Large-scale effectiveness studies are ongoing.6,7 1GSK NZ. Synflorix® Data Sheet. 2010. 2Wysocki et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:S77–88. 3Hausdorff et al. BMC Pediatr 2010;10:4. 4Prymula et al. Lancet 2006;367:740–748. 5Schuerman. Vaccine 2009;27:5748-5754. 6GSK. COMPAS (Clinical Otitis Media & Pneumonia Study). 2007. 7GSK. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 1024850A (FinIP). 2009.

  27. Global use of Synflorix(April 2011) National immunisation programmes: • First registered in December 2008 • Now approved in 83 countries 2 + 1 schedule • Colombia (Bogotá)    • Finland • Mexico • Sweden  (3 provinces) 3 + 1 schedule • Australia (Northern Territories) • Austria (high-risk groups) • Albania • Brazil • Bulgaria • Cyprus (high-risk groups) • Hong Kong • Taiwan  (Taipei) • The Netherlands 3 + 0 schedule • Kenya        • Prequalified by World Health Organization in October 2009 • Now available in some developing countries as part of “advance market commitment” — an agreement with the GAVI Alliance to improve access to pneumococcal vaccines 1GlaxoSmithKline.Data on file. 2010. 2WHO prequalification of Synflorix. 2009..

  28. Synflorix is generally well tolerated Combined analysis of clinical studies of safety in more than 4,000 healthy infants1: • The most common adverse reactions observed after primary vaccination were pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, irritability, fever, and drowsiness.1 • Most reactions were of mild to moderate severity and were not long-lasting.1 • No safety concerns were identified.1 The safety and tolerability profile of Synflorix is similar to that of PCV7 and commonly co administered vaccines.1 • Fever >38°C within same range as PCV7 post-primary and booster. • Fever >40C was infrequent: ≤1% of Synflorix doses and ≤2% of PCV7 doses.1 1Chevallier et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:S109–118.

  29. Synflorix can be co administered with other vaccines available in NZ

  30. Packaging and storage of Synflorix • Packs of 10 • No needles • Prefilled syringes • Store at 2–8°C • Do not freeze • 3-year shelf-life • Protect from light • Shake well before use GSK NZ. SynflorixData Sheet, 2010.

  31. Administration of prefilled syringe Holding the syringe barrel (not the plunger) in one hand, unscrew the syringe cap by twisting anticlockwise. To attach the needle to the syringe, twist the needle clockwise into the syringe until you feel it lock. Remove the needle protector and administer the vaccine. GSK NZ. SynflorixData Sheet, 2010.

  32. More information on Synflorix • Phone the Immunisation Advisory Centre on: • 0800 IMMUNE (0800 466 863) • Go to www.immune.org.nz or www.moh.govt.nz/immunisation • Refer to the Synflorix Data Sheet and Consumer Medicine Information on the Medsafe website: http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/dsform.asp • For GSK Medical Information in NZ, please call 0800 808 500 or +64 09 367 2900, and ask for the Medical Information Department. GSK NZ. SynflorixData Sheet, 2010.

  33. Prevenar 13® and the Pneumococcal high risk programme

  34. Incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal disease by serotype, in children aged less than five years, New Zealand, 1998 – 2007 (NB prior to introduction of PCV vaccine)

  35. Prevenar 13 for high risk children • Same vaccine technology and composition as Prevenar, with six additional serotypes • Each dose of Prevenar 13 contains: • 2.2 μg of pneumococcal purified capsular polysaccharides for serotypes 1,3,4,5,6A,7F,9V,18C,19A,19F, 23F and 4.4 μg for serotype 6B • Each serotype is individually conjugated to non-toxic diphtheria CRM197 protein and adsorbed onto aluminium phosphate (0.565 mg). • Each dose contains succinic acid, polysorbate 80, aluminium phosphate and sodium chloride in water for injections. • Expected to have the same safety profile as Prevenar

  36. Pneumococcal high risk children: 0 -16 yrs • Offer PCV13 followed by 23PPV • Up to 5 years of age: (59 months) • On immunosuppressive therapy or radiation therapy • Primary immune deficiencies • HIV • Renal failure or nephrotic syndrome • Immune suppressed following organ transplantation • Cochlear implants, intracranial shunts • CSF leaks • On corticosteroids at least 2mg/kg/day prednisone (or 20mg a day) >2 weeks • Chronic pulmonary disease • IDDM • Down Syndrome • Pre or post-splenectomy or functional asplenia • Preterm infants born at under 28 weeks • 6 – 16 years: • Pre or post-splenectomy or functional asplenia

  37. Schedule for high risk children • As soon as the child is recognised as high risk, replace the next dose of PCV10 (Synflorix) with PCV 13 (Prevenar 13) at the same schedule visit times • If a child has already had a full course of PCV10 offer a single dose of PCV13 • 8 weeks after the final PCV dose (or at the age of 2 years if under 2) offer 23PPV (Pneumovax 23) • Offer a repeat 23PPV dose in 3-5 years time

  38. More information on Prevenar 13 • Phone the Immunisation Advisory Centre on 0800 IMMUNE (0800 466 863) • Refer to Prevenar 13 datasheet http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/p/prevenar13inj.pdf • Contact Pfizer: • Phone 0800 734 076 • Fax 0800 735 045

  39. Children/Adults high risk: pre or post splenectomy • The criteria remain unchanged • No longer need the recommendation of a secondary care specialist to given in primary care • Vaccines now being offered: • Prevenar 13 ( children up to 16 years only) • Act-HIB™ • Pneumovax 23 • Menomune ACYW135 NB Prevenar 13 and Act-HIB™ are only licensed to 5 years of age, giving to older children and adults is currently outside of licensure. While there are not expected to be any safety concerns, it is important to give full informed consent

  40. Other vaccine changes

  41. Act-HIB ™ • Haemophilus influenza type B vaccine conjugated to tetanus protein • Same conjugate as previous vaccine, Hiberix™ • Freeze-dried powder for reconstitution with diluent for injection • comes in a vial and separate syringe • Expected to act the same as Hiberix • Datasheet: http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/a/acthibinj.pdf

  42. BCG key changes Neonatal BCG offered to infants at increased risk of TB. Those who: • Will be living in a house or family/whanau with a person with either currently TB or a past history of TB • Have one or both parents or household members or carers, who within the last five years lived for a period of six months or longer in countries with a rate ≥ 40 per 100,000 • During their first five years will be living for three months or longer in a country with a rate ≥ 40 per 100,000 and are likely to be exposed to those with TB • List of high-incidence countries: • www.moh.govt.nz/immunisation • www.bcgatlas.org/index.php The major change is that fewer Pacific countries are now considered high risk for TB

  43. BCG cntd. As a general indication, the following global areas have rates of ≥ 40/ 100,000 • Most of Africa • Much of South America • Russia and the former Soviet States • Indian Subcontinent • China including Hong Kong • South East Asia (except Singapore) • Pacific (except Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau and Tonga)

  44. Qs and As

  45. Common Qs and As Why was PCV10 introduced rather than PCV13? • “the extra components in PCV10(versus PCV7) provide extra cover against pneumococci” • “The NTHi protein may provide extra protection against otitis media” • “PCV10 is significantly less expensive than PCV13 and more cost-effective” Ref: NZ Immunisation Handbook 2011, Ministry of Health A child has started on Prevenar and now the practice has only got Synflorix available • Switch over to Synflorix

  46. Qs & As cntd. What about when to use 23 PPV vaccine? • Pneumococcal polysaccharide (23PPV) vaccine is recommended, but not funded, for young people and adults aged 16 years and older at special risk, as per the high risk list in the NZ Handbook, and for HIV-infected people. Note that some specialists may recommend PCV13 prior to use of 23PPV (refer Immunisation Handbook 2011). Do you revaccinate with 23PPV? • “Revaccination with polysaccharide vaccine (23PPV) should be considered after three to five years in children aged less than 10 years of age when first immunised, and after five years in older children and adults belonging to particularly high-risk groups, who frequently exhibit a poor immune response. • Revaccination is recommended five years after the first vaccination post-splenectomy and at 65 years to complete three doses” Ref: NZ Immunisation Handbook 2011 p.196. Refer Table 9.3

  47. Qs & As cntd. How to enter PCV10 and PCV13 on the PMS • PCV will be scheduled for the child • The new upgrades should have a drop down box identifying the different types of vaccine: PCV7,PCV10 and PCV13 A child who has started their immunisation programme and has already received some doses of Synflorix then becomes high risk • Once the high risk condition has been recognised switch over to PCV13 to complete the programme, and then offer 23PPV 8 weeks after the last dose of PCV13, or when the child reaches 2 years of age • If a child has already received 4 doses of PCV10, they should receive one dose of PCV13

  48. Qs & As cntd. A family is wanting to purchase the private market Prevenar 13 rather than Synflorix to give their child additional protection. • Can switch from Synflorix to Prevenar 13, if they are partially through a schedule they may not get complete protection against the extra 3 serotypes. Why are conjugates not used routinely in adults? • The conjugates have been specifically designed for the serotypes that are most common in childhood disease, there is a broader spectrum of serotypes that adults are exposed to. • There is currently little data on the effectiveness of conjugates in adults. Conjugates are expected to be effective at preventing pneumococcal disease in adults but further data is needed before the precise role of these vaccines is defined in adults.

  49. Qs and As cntd. What is the PCV programme for a child who needs catch up? • Children under 6 months of age need 3 doses at least a month apart • Children 6- 12 months need 2 doses at least a month apart • Children from 1 to 5 years of age who have never had any PCV need two doses 8 weeks apart Use of medication such as paracetamol for temperature or pain • Paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used for children who are in discomfort or pain following immunisation. It is not recommended routinely with immunisations as it may interfere with the immune response. Ref Prymula R et al Lancet 2009; 374: 1339–50

  50. Qs and As cntd. Co administration of Influenza and PCV vaccines • Fevers are known to occur after influenza vaccines, and febrile convulsions are a recognised complication of fever. • Approximately 24% of all children have a febrile convulsion at some stage in their life. • In February 2011 the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S.A. presented findings from the Vaccine Safety Datalink in the U.S.A., which identified there may be a small increase in the risk of fever, and febrile convulsion, in children aged 12 to 23 months of age when an inactivated influenza vaccine was administered at the same time as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar 13 (PCV13). • Out of prudence, parents should be advised that there may be a small increase in the risk of fever, and associated febrile convulsion in susceptible children when PCV vaccine is administered with influenza vaccine, over and above having the vaccines separately.

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