Standards District 1,2,3,7

1. StandardsDistrict 1,2,3,7 Grade Level/ Substance Use/Abuse Standards • Evaluate the risks of substance use/abuse and addiction. • Understand the impacts of binge drinking. • Explore recovery resources for addictions. • Evaluate the risks of behavioral addictions (from Safety and Injury/Violence Prevention).

2. What is a drug? Does our society have a drug problem? Video: “Worlds Most Dangerous Drug”

3. OTC vs. Prescription

4. Addiction Drug addiction is a physiological or psychological dependence on a drug.

5. Steps to Addiction Step 1: First use/ occasional use

6. Steps to Addiction Step 1: First use/ occasional use Step 2: Occasional trouble with drug

7. Steps to Addiction Step 1: First use/ occasional use Step 2: Occasional trouble with drug Step 3: Regular use of drug

8. Steps to Addiction Step 1: First use/ occasional use Step 2: Occasional trouble with drug Step 3: Regular use of drug Step 4: Multiple drug use

9. Steps to Addiction Step 1: First use/ occasional use Step 2: Occasional trouble with drug Step 3: Regular use of drug Step 4: Multiple drug use Step 5: Increasing dependency

10. Steps to Addiction Step 1: First use/ occasional use Step 2: Occasional trouble with drug Step 3: Regular use of drug Step 4: Multiple drug use Step 5: Increasing dependency Step 6: Total dependency

11. Spiral to physical addiction Curiosity Greater dysphoria Withdrawal Euphoria Experimentation with drug Elevated Doses Physical Addiction Elevated drug doses Elevated drug doses Withdrawal Relief from Withdrawal Euphoria Tolerance (addiction) Dysphoria

12. Behavioral Addictions • Gambling • Video Games • Shopping • Exercise

13. FIVE THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT ADOLESCENTS' BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND USE • 1. The brain's "front end," the part above the eyes, exists to slow us down or stop our impulsive behaviors. It considers the risks and benefits of our actions, and it helps us "hit the brakes" when we consider doing things that are too risky. • 2. This front part of the brain is still developing connections to the rest of the brain until adulthood, so adolescents' brains lack some of the "wiring" that carries "brake" or "stop" messages to the rest of the brain. • 3. Drugs of abuse are often available to adolescents. These drugs feel good, but they can be very harmful. Lacking some of the wiring for the "stop" message, adolescents' brains may not fully weigh the risks of drug use. • 4. The two drugs that cause the most death are also the most available drugs: tobacco and alcohol. Late adolescence, before the brain is fully matured, is the peak time for developing dependence on these (and other) drugs. • 5. Heavy drug use during times of critical brain development may cause permanent changes in the way the brain works and responds to rewards and consequences. Therefore, it is important to begin to address a developing substance use problem as early as possible.

14. The Brain & Addiction • Media 372 • I Drive Activity Bremseth/ SUA-

15. What do drugs do to the brain? • Some drugs work in the brain because they have a similar size and shape as natural neurotransmitters. In the brain in the right amount or dose, these drugs lock into receptors and start an unnatural chain reaction of electrical charges, causing neurons to release large amounts of their own neurotransmitter.

16. Some drugs lock onto the neuron and act like a pump, so the neuron releases more neurotransmitter. Other drugs block reabsorption or reuptake and cause unnatural floods of neurotransmitter. [1]

17. What Happens if Someone Keeps Using Drugs? • Because natural pleasures in our lives are necessary for survival, the limbic system creates an appetite that drives you to seek those things. [1]

18. All drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, and marijuana, primarily affect the brain's limbic system. Scientists call this the "reward" system. Normally, the limbic system responds to pleasurable experiences by releasing the neurotransmitter dopamine, which creates feelings of pleasure.

19. But the brain starts changing right away as a result of the unnatural flood of neurotransmitters. Because they sense more than enough dopamine, for example, neurons begin to reduce the number of dopamine receptors. Neurons may also make less dopamine. The result is less dopamine in the brain: This is called down regulation. Because some drugs are toxic, some neurons may also die. [1],[3]

20. Video: Addiction • Define addiction according to the video.

22. Games Contribute to Youths Drinking Themselves to Death • July 8, 2008 • An analysis of federal records shows that 157 college-age individuals drank themselves to death between 1999 and 2005, and a separate analysis of news reports showed that many of the victims were extremely intoxicated, the Associated Press reported July 7. • http://www.jointogether.org/news/headlines/inthenews/2008/games-contribute-to-youths.html

24. Man, that was so much fun!

25. How Many Times Does Someone Have To Take a Drug To Become an Addict? • No one knows how many times a person can use a drug without changing his or her brain and becoming addicted. • A person's genetic makeup probably plays a role

26. If Drug Addiction Is a Disease, Is There a Cure? • There is no cure for drug addiction, but it is a treatable disease; drug addicts can recover. Drug addiction therapy is a program of behavior change or modification that slowly retrains the brain.

27. Types of Treatment Settings/ Programs • In-hospital programs *4-12 weeks, medical supervision, counseling: individual, group, and family therapy.

28. Types of Treatment Settings/ Programs • Outpatient care *Possible daily care, while patients live at home, individual and group therapy as well as seminars

29. Types of Treatment Settings/ Programs • Residential care *Part to 24-hour care, focus is on education and therapy, more counseling provided than in hospital setting.

30. Detoxification • is eliminating the drug of use and its effects from the addict. • (Often the first phase of treatment)

31. Relapse • is the process in which some addicts go back to their original • drug-taking behavior. • (Often is a temporary slip)

32. Check this out! • HBO website http://www.hbo.com/addiction/ • National Institute on Drug Abuse http://www.drugabuse.gov/

33. References • National Institute on Drug Abuse. The Brain: Understanding Neurobiology Through the Study of Addiction (http://science-education.nih.gov/Customers.nsf/highschool.htm):NIH Pub. No. 00-4871. • National Institute on Drug Abuse. Brain Power! The NIDA Junior Scientists Program (http://www.nida.nih.gov/JSP/JSP.html):NIH Pub. No. 01-4575. Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. 2000. • National Institute on Drug Abuse. Mind Over Matter: The Brain's Response to Drugs Teacher's Guide (http://teens.drugabuse.gov/mom/tg_intro.asp):NIH Pub. No. 020-3592. Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. Printed 1997. Reprinted 1998, 2002. Revised 2000. • National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIDA InfoFacts: Drug Addiction Treatment Methods (http://www.drugabuse.gov/infofax/treatmeth.html): Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. Retrieved June 2003.