Landscape changes conditioned by a suburbanization in the Brno surroundings

1. Landscape changes conditioned by a suburbanization in the Brno surroundings Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology Milada Šťastná Mária Pákozdiová Iva Křenovská

2. a term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities • a key process currently inprogress in the countries of the EU which has number of negative impacts on the landscape (EEA, 2006) • influences the natural environment both at the landscape andspecies level, energy and material flows Suburbanization Satellite town in Třešť Logistic areál v Modleticích u Prahy Brno Tuřany. Černovická terasa Brno.

3. Coherent processes influencing a landscape • Influence on a biotic part of the landscape and biodiversity • Influence on an abiotic part of the landscape as relief, soil, water and air • Excessive land use and landscape scenery change

4. DIRECTINFLUENCE • air pollutions (dust; NOx; smog) • soil and water pollutions (salinization; soil compaction) • temperature and precipitation regimes INDIRECTINFLUENCE • Landscape fragmentation (by buildings; disturbances) • Highways construction – create biotops for limited number of species (resisted to salinity) • Changes in structure of predators (more cats – less birds) Biotic part of the landscape

5. Biodiversity • Suburbanizationas amain threat • Un-original species increase and native species decrease • leading to biota homogenization, howeveralso enriching domestic biodiversity, but on the local level only. • Danger for protected areas. • Uniformity of species is supported by „anideal garden“ in suburbias.

6. Relief changes - new anthropogenic forms (bulwarks,moulds) -water regime changes (buildings, sport fields) -soil compaction and contamination (influence on soil organisms) - increase of water consumption (pools, irrigation for gardens) -energy consumption (car traffic, losses in distribution networks) • Life quality (health) – air quality, • - noisiness by traffic • - luminary contamination (public lighting, billboards) disruption of naturalbiorhythms Abiotic part of the landscape

7. Changes in landscape matrices (land use) • dissapearing of sharp borders (residences) • Landscape fragmentation (barriers for populations-corridors) • Soil conquest – agrofuels • Increase of urban areas • Satellite towns, industrial complexes

8. Landscape scenery changes • Compositional and aesthetic meaning of distinctive elements is changing • Loss of „genius loci“ • Architecture of residences

9. Landscape scenery changes • Spiritual and aesthetic value • Not always negative • Regions – unique cultural values • „catalog houses“ versus non-unified houses

10. Challenge for a sustainable environment

11. Landscape in the Brno surroundings • The city originated in the contact zone between lowland and highland near the only crossing the river Svratka • The South: very fertile soils (chernozems) • The North: highlands with bigger share of forest, partly karst area (Moravian Karst)

12. Basic Problems: • The South: annexation of soils of the highest quality for commercial development; less attractive landscape for residential purposes • The North: sensitive karst conditions in a part of the territory; very attractive landscape, worse permeability due to the relief; more difficult construction of technical infrastructure

13. Thank you for your attention!