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Patch Panels in the Sky: A Case for Free-Space Optics in Data Centers

Patch Panels in the Sky: A Case for Free-Space Optics in Data Centers. Navid Hamed Azimi , Himanshu Gupta Vyas Sekar, Samir Das. Datacenter network design is hard!. Performance. Cost. Energy. Cabling. Expandability. Cooling. Adaptability. Existing Choices. Cost. Core.

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Patch Panels in the Sky: A Case for Free-Space Optics in Data Centers

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  1. Patch Panels in the Sky:A Case for Free-Space Optics in Data Centers Navid HamedAzimi,Himanshu Gupta Vyas Sekar, Samir Das

  2. Datacenter network design is hard! Performance Cost Energy Cabling Expandability Cooling Adaptability

  3. Existing Choices Cost Core Top of Rack (ToR) Over subscribed (tree, leaf spine,…) … Performance

  4. Existing Choices Cost Over provisioned (Fattree, Jellyfish,…) Core Top of Rack (ToR) Over subscribed (tree, leaf spine,…) … Performance

  5. Existing Choices Cost Over provisioned (Fattree, Jellyfish,…) Core Augmented (c-Through , 3D Beam) Top of Rack (ToR) Over subscribed (tree, leaf spine,…) … Performance

  6. Existing Choices Cost Over provisioned (Fattree, Jellyfish,…) Augmented (c-Through , 3D Beam) Can we get here? Over subscribed (tree, leaf spine,…) Performance

  7. Our Vision • Core Coreless • Wired  Wireless • Static  Flexible …

  8. Potential Benefits of This Vision Performance Cost Coreless Cabling Wireless Cooling Flexible Energy Expandability Adaptability

  9. Challenges in Realizing the Vision • Flexible wireless links • Network management

  10. Outline • Flexible wireless links • Network management • Feasibility & cost

  11. Traditional RF is not Sufficient … • Wide beam High interference

  12. Traditional RF is not Sufficient • Wide beam • Difficult to narrow … High interference

  13. Solution: Free Space Optical Links (FSOs) … • No interference • High throughput • over long range • Easy to narrow beam

  14. Concerns with FSOs • Cost : $30K • Size : 3 ft³ • Power: 60w • Flexibility

  15. Why Size, Cost, Power Can be Reduced? • Traditional use : outdoor, long haul • High power • Weatherproof • Data centers: indoor, short haul • Low power • Feasible roadmap via commodity fiber optics • E.g. Small form transceivers (Optical SFP)

  16. Proof of Concept (1 Gbps) Fiber connected to SFP (TX) SFP (RX) Lens Lens Mirror Mirror SFP : 2x$40 Lens : 2x$30

  17. FSO Link Throughput PDF • Throughput FSO link is the same as optical cable

  18. FSO Link Misalignment Tolerance 0.7 mm 3 mm • Effect of vibrations, etc. Movement tolerance • 0.7mm at destination • 3mm at source • TX • RX FSO link is stable

  19. FSOs (1Gbps) • Cost : $30K • Size : 3 ft³ • Power: 60w • Flexibility • Cost : $140 • Size : 1x4 in • Power: 0.3w • Flexibility

  20. Flexibility via Switchable Mirror • Switchable Mirror: glass mirror • Electronic control, low latency Ceiling Mirror SM in “mirror” mode Receiver 1 Reciever2 Sender

  21. Flexibility via Switchable Mirror • Switchable Mirror: glass mirror • Electronic control, low latency Ceiling Mirror SM in “mirror” mode Receiver 1 Reciever2 Sender Receiver 1 Reciever2

  22. Outline • Flexible wireless links • Network management • Feasibility & cost

  23. Management: Pre-Configuration Input: FSO#, SM#,… Output: Candidate links (Alignment of each SM) Receiver 1 Reciever2 Sender 23

  24. Management: Reconfiguration Input: Traffic Output: Run-time topology Receiver 1 Reciever2 Sender 24

  25. Current Solutions: Simple Heuristics • Pre-Configuration : Regular Random Graph • Reconfiguration Only reconfigure for large flows Only delete a link if network remains connected

  26. Outline • Flexible laser link • Management • Feasibility & cost

  27. Throughput • 512 racks, 48 server/rack, hotspots traffic, flow level simulations FSO based 2-4x improvement

  28. Cost Comparison FSO based: Near 10G performance with 65% of cost

  29. Conclusions • Data center network is challenging • Our vision: Fully flexible, coreless, wireless network • Key enablers : FSO + switchable mirrors • Early promise: ~ 10Gbps performance @ 65% cost • Future work: Improve FSO, better management

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