Overview of the Body: Directional Terms and Body Regions

1. Chapter 1

2. Applied Learning Outcomes • Directional terms describe: • the relative location of different body features • the ways the body can be viewed along imaginary lines Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

3. Human Body Orientation • Directional orientation • explains a particular view of a person • Directional planes • views of imaginary lines sliced through a person Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

4. DIRECTIONAL ORIENTATION • Directional orientation explains a particular view of a person. • Medial refers to the middle of the body. • Lateral refers to the sides of the body. • Superior, or cephalic, refers to a location near the head. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

5. DIRECTIONAL ORIENTATION • Inferior, or caudal, refers to a location near the feet. • Anterior, or ventral, refers to the front of the human body. • Posterior, or dorsal, refers to the back of the human body. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

7. Directional planes • Directional planes are views of imaginary lines sliced through a person. • A sagittal section slices the body vertically into left and right sections. • A midsagittal section slices the body into equal left and right halves. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

8. Directional planes • A frontal, or coronal, section slices the body vertically into anterior and posterior sections. • A transverse section slices the body horizontally into inferior and superior sections.  Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

9. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

10. Human Body Orientation Flexion: to bend a joint Extension: to straighten a joint Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

11. Human Body Orientation Abduction: movement of the arm or leg away from the midline of the body Adduction: movement of the arm or leg toward the midline of the body Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

12. Human Body Orientation • Eversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great toe moves away from the midline of the body • Inversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great toe moves toward the midline of the body Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

13. Human Body Orientation • Antagonistic: Opposing movements Flexion   Extension Abduction   Adduction Inversion   Eversion Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

14. Body Regions and Cavities • Body regionsare divided into general locations, abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

15. Body Regions and Cavities • Abdominopelvic regions include nine sections that divide up the abdominal and pelvic portions of the body. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

16. Body Regions and Cavities • Quadrants section the abdominal region into four portions.

17. Body Regions and Cavities • The human body is naturally divided into internal cavities • The body cavities contain specific body structures. (You will receive a list of these structures later) Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

18. Summary • Directional terms describe • the relative location of different body features • the ways the body can be viewed along imaginary lines • Position terms explain • how a patient should be positioned for a procedure • Movement terms explain • a person’s ability to move a body structure in a particular direction in relation to the center of the body • Body region terms • create a map of the body locations • describe the location of pain or injury • Body cavity terms • create a map of the body structures • help healthcare workers communicate accurately and effectively Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body