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Perception and Attribution

Perception and Attribution. Kerry Hogan February 23, 2011. Communication Across Cultures by Nancy J Alder. Nancy J. Alder S. Bronfman chair at McGill University in Montreal, Canada B.A. in economics (UCLA) M.B.A. in management (UCLA) PhD in management (UCLA)

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Perception and Attribution

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  1. Perception and Attribution Kerry Hogan February 23, 2011

  2. Communication Across Culturesby Nancy J Alder • Nancy J. Alder • S. Bronfman chair at McGill University in Montreal, Canada • B.A. in economics (UCLA) • M.B.A. in management (UCLA) • PhD in management (UCLA) • Consults private and government organizations on projects in Africa, Europe, Asia, North and South America, and the Middle East (McGill University administrator, 2010)

  3. Overview(Alder) • Communicated messages are never interpreted exactly as it they are intended to be. Cultural differences exacerbate this point. • Types of Communication • Perception • Stereotypes • Misinterpretation • Effective Cross Cultural Communication

  4. Communication(Alder) • Communication is the exchange of meaning • Perception and interpretation • Verbal and non-verbal • Conscious as well as unconscious

  5. Nonverbal Components of Empathetic Communicationby Richard F. Haase AND Donald T. Tepper, Jr. • The purpose of the study: conclude significance of verbal and von-verbal components on the communication of empathy • Procedure: • 48 findings • 26 counselors • 5 point scale • Findings: • Nonverbal components accounted for nearly twice the variance judged by verbal components • Relying solely on verbal communication reduces empathy by 68% • Eye contact • Trunk lean • Active listening

  6. Communication(Alder) • The greater the difference in background, greater difference in meaning attached to the words.

  7. F’s? • Finished Files Are the Result of years of Scientific Study Combined with the Experience of Years.

  8. Perception(Alder) • Selective • Learned • Culturally determined • Remains consistent • Inaccurate

  9. Is Love Blind? The Effects of Experience and Infatuation on the Perception of Loveby Maya Aloni and Frank J Bernieri • “Are expert lovers more attuned to the love around them?”

  10. Is Love Blind? The Effects of Experience and Infatuation on the Perception of Loveby Maya Aloni and Frank J Bernieri • Hypothesis: Experience with love and infatuation would increase accuracy of perceiving love among others • Couples asked to talk about things they enjoyed doing together • Splices of the tape 10 seconds long- watched 25 splices • Asked to judge the extent of love for the man and the woman • Asked how confident they were in their assumptions

  11. Is Love Blind? The Effects of Experience and Infatuation on the Perception of Loveby Maya Aloni and Frank J Bernieri • Conclusion? • People who were in love or had much experience, especially recent experience, with love and infatuation, had lower accuracy in which another’s love was judged, even though they had higher confidence in their accuracy. • THEIR PERCETPTION WAS INACCURATE

  12. What do you see?

  13. Stereotypes(Alder) • Never describe individual behavior • Effective stereotyping allows people to understand and act appropriately in new situations. • Can be harmful when: • Wrong placement • Incorrectly describes group norms • Inappropriate evaluation of group • Confuse stereotype with individual • Fail to modify stereotype

  14. Discovering Inter-Cultural Perceptual Differences in MNE’sby John B. Kidd • Sociometrics • “family” cluster – China or Japan • Top-down management • Saving face • Networking • Polychronic (parallel streams of time) • “Village Market” cluster - US or UK • Do not care for hierarchy • Monochromic- stick to appointments • Do not find networking important • More about individual rather than organization

  15. Misinterpretation(Alder) • Subconscious cultural “blinders” • Lack of cultural self-awareness (pg 320) • Is it better to admit you don’t know, or to lie and pretend you do? • Projected similarity • Parochialism

  16. Effective cross-cultural communication(Alder) • Global managers must “know they don’t know” • Assume difference until similarity is proven • Emphasize description rather than interpretation or evaluation • Interpretation and evaluation- based on culture and background • See through the eyes of international colleagues • Treat situations as a “hypothesis to be tested” • Treat as guess- not as certainty

  17. References • Alder, Nancy J. (2002) COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, 73-102 • Aloni, Maya, & Bernieri, Frank J. (2004) IS LOVE BLIND? THE EFEECTS OF EXPERIENCE AND INFATUATION ON THE PERCEPTION OF LOVE. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28 (4), 287-295 • Hasse, Richard F, & Tepper, Donald T Jr. (1972) NONVERBAL COMPONENTS OF EMPATHETIC COMMUNICATION. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19 (5), 417-424 • Kidd, John B. (1986) Discovering Inter-Cultural Perceptual Differences of MNE’s. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16 (2), 106-126 • McGill University administrator, . (2010, September 30). Nancy J. Adler. Retrieved from http://people.mcgill.ca/nancy.adler/

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