Understanding Biomes and Ecosystems

1. LS. 9 Biomes and Ecosystems The student will understand how organisms adapt to biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

2. Snapshot • _____ is when an organism changes to survive in its ecosystem. • _____ is when an animal lowers its metabolism to survive when there is not enough food or it is too cold.

3. Biomes • Large area of land with similar climates & ecosystems • Climate • Average weather pattern • 7 different biomes broken into 4 groups • Forest • Desert • Grassland • Tundra

4. Cold, dry, treeless Cold desert Permafrost permanently frozen soil Few nutrients Organisms: Mosses, grasses, small shrubs Snowy owls, reindeer, musk ox Climate Average temp -12 C < 25 cm or precipitation 2 seasons = winter & summer Location: Near Arctic circle Tundra Biomes

5. The Tundra

6. Snapshot • The tundra is located near the ______. • The average temperature in the tundra is _________. • ___________ succession takes thousands of years and starts with creation of new land. • There are _______ biomes.

7. Forest Biomes • Biomes with trees • 3 main types • Taiga • Deciduous • Tropical Rain

8. Largest biome Dense cone-bearing evergreen trees Soil thaws during summer Some permafrost Location South of tundra in North America & Eurasia Climate 35 to 100 cm of snow a year 2 seasons Long winter Summer Average Temp. 5 C Organisms Evergreen trees, lichens, & mosses Moose, lynx, shrews, bears, & foxes Taiga

9. Taiga

10. 2 Types Deciduous Rain Location Europe, New Zealand North America Climate 4 distinct seasons Precipitation/ yr Deciduous 75-150cm Rain 200 to 400 cm Temperate Forest

11. Temperate Deciduous Organisms: deciduous trees (maples & oaks), some evergreens, grasses Deer, raccoons, opossum, Amphibians, bears Location In U.S east of Mississippi River Temperate Rain Organisms: Firs, cedars, spruces Black bear, cougar, bobcat, spotted owl, amphibians Location: North West U.S. Washington state & Oregon, New Zealand, S. America Comparing Temperate Forest

12. Temperate Deciduous & Rain Forest

13. Snapshot • ______ forest have trees that lose their leaves in the autumn. • ______ are located east of the MS river in the U.S. • ______ forest receive over 200 cm of rain a year. • List four organelles in a cell and name their functions. • Describe respiration in your own words. • _____ are located just south of the tundra.

14. Warm, wet, & green Greatest biodiversity More than half of world’s species Lush plant growth Few nutrients in soil Great decomposers Climate Average temp 25 C (75 F) 200-600 cm of rain/ yr Location: Near the equator 6% of earth Tropical Rain Forest

16. Zones of the Rainforest • EMERGENT LAYER • tallest trees as much as 200 feet above the forest floor • trunks up to 16 feet around • broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. • Sunlight • eagles, monkeys, bats and butterflies. • CANOPY LAYER • primary layer • forms a roof over the two remaining layers • Many animals b/c food is abundant.   Ex. snakes, toucans and tree frogs.

17. Zones of the Rainforest • UNDERSTORY LAYER • plants grow larger leaves to reach sunlight • plants usually < 12 feet • animals live here: jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs, leopards, large amount of insects • FOREST FLOOR • very dark • Almost no plants • things begin to decay quickly • Giant anteaters live in this layer.

20. Snapshot • What is the layer of the tropical rainforest that has the tallest trees? • The tropical rainforest has ______ soil. • The temperature in the tropical rainforest is usually _______ C. • The tropical rainforest is located near the ______.

21. Climax community made up of grasses instead of trees 4 main types Prairies in N.America Steppes in Asia Savannas in Africa Pampas in S.America Good for agriculture Crops – wheat & corn Animals– cattle & sheep Climate 25 cm- 75 cm precipitation Temperate & tropical weather Grasslands

22. Driest biome on Earth Thin, sandy, gravelly, poor soil Barren Sand dunes Climate Less than 25 cm of rain/yr Hot in day cool at night Organisms: Cactus Kangaroo rat Location: Western U.S., South America, Africa, Asia, Australia Deserts

24. Snapshot • What is an adaptation? • Give 2 or more examples of adaptations.

25. Snapshot • Parasitism, mutualism, & commensalism are all types of ________. • Giraffes and elephants are usually found in savannas, which are a type of ________. • Giraffes have long necks that allow them to eat leaves on trees this is an example of a(n) _____. • A plant with no leaves that could store water would be best adapted to live in the ________.