System Architecture for IP-based Seamless and Ubiquitous Networks

1. System Architecture for IP-basedSeamless and Ubiquitous Networks Shiro Sakata NEC Laboratories sakata@cd.jp.nec.com Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

2. 1. Network and IT Market Trend • 2. System Architecture for Ubiquitous Services • - Ubiquitous Platform - • 3. Application to Wireless & Mobile Networks • Application to Photonic & Broadband • 　　Networks • 5. Standardization Issues • 6. Conclusions Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

3. 1. Network and IT Market Trend - Value shifts from core to user, network to services - New business opportunities with network and service integration caused by deregulation ・Unbundling network resources & functions and then on-demand rebundling them in a multi-carrier environment - Emerging ‘Dynamic Collaboration’ in enterprise systems through the integration of IT and network technologies - Versatile service support in a ubiquitous network environment ・Requirement for adaptation to a wide variety of networks and terminals ・Networks: Wired broadband and wireless networks (wireless LAN, cellular network, adhoc personal area network, sensor network) Terminals: PC, digital home appliances/digital TV/home server, PDA, cellular phone, wearable terminal, embedded car terminal Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

4. Potential New Business Model by Network Unbundling & Rebundling Interoperability between different operators and dynamic network resource allocation Networks dedicated to individual operators and user services • - NW resource virtualization • and brokerage • Service continuity and • portability • NW security and • traceability • - Policy management • .....…. e.g, Virtual Network Operator（VNO) Operators B Storage service logical NW Web service logical NW Other ubiquitous Service logical NW Content delivery logical NW Operators A Unbundling Operator B Operators C Operator A Operator C Traditional Network Future Network （Bundled network resources） （Resource rebundling adapted to individual services） Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

5. Business activities in which an enterprise enhances its own core competence and reacts dynamically to drastic changes through the flexible collaboration with partners Development partner Next Generation Management Style Customers Self-support of all functions Enterprise A Joint productization Joint productization, Technology sharing Outsourcing Core competence （R&D，Planning, Production） Realtime info. sharing, Inventory management Realtime Info. sharing Order management Business function outsourcing Logistics partner Sales partner Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

6. Dynamic Collaboration through IT and NW Integration- Multivendor Support for Customer System - - 24 hours, 365 days system support and on-demand bandwidth utilization - Remote conference system with tele-existence/virtual reality capability Broadband VPN Head office IP Network Call Center Mobile VPN Distributed & Collaborative AP VoIP Customer Customer Window DB Web WEB I/F Support Center From overseas VLAN VPN Remote maintenance Maintenance Center Alliance partner VLAN: Virtual LAN Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

7. Ubiquitous Services over Versatile Networks & Terminals Location/Presence Info. Service Electronic Ticketing Ubiquitous Services Bidirectional Communication (*) Content Delivery ‥‥ Storage Service Home Control and Security (*) Versatile networks Terminals Servers Cellular phone PDA Laptop PC Wearable Terminal Home appliance Digital TV Home server Sensors Car terminal : FTTH Wired LAN ADSL Core Network IMT‐2000 MAN(Wide area Ether) Wireless LAN Wireless LAN Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

8. Bidirectional Communication On the move Public Wireless LAN Office Home User Office User Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

9. Light HDTV and HD Video recorder Door lock and door phone Maid robot Feeding Internet Warming bath Home Control and Security • Robot-type Home server • User controls robot from outside through the Internet • The robot controls home appliances with IrDA, RFID, etc. • The robot automatically acts in accordance with user’s presence • Example: • On the travel or on the way back home • - Confirmation of door locking • - Monitoring and taking care of pets, • gardens, etc. • - Automatic video recording • - Warming bath when approaching the • home • - Automatic switching-on of lights when • approaching the home Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

10. 2. System Architecture for Ubiquitous Services [Network Technology Trend] - Increasing requirements for guaranteed multimedia services in transition to all IP networks ・Video streaming by CDN (Content Delivery Network), IP phone, 　　　　　　　　Digital broadcast (data broadcast), etc. - Higher-flexible and lower-cost enterprise systems ・VPN(IP, SSL), wide area Ethernet - Requirements for ‘Robust & Secure’ open mission critical system emerging into distributed wide-area business environment - Emerging wireless LAN and interworking with 3G cellular and other networks for supporting versatile ubiquitous services - ‘Context Awareness’ is a key term in ubiquitous services 　　　　　　　・context includes user’s situation such as location, presence, preferences, various sensed data, etc. 　　　- Requirements for VoIP as a short-term killer application ・End-to-End QoS, e.g. small delay, low jitter, guaranteed bandwidth ・Context transfer for network-network roaming Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

11. [Design Principles] • 1. From best-effort to high-quality support in response to individual • service requirements • 2. Seamless service continuity in mobile and muti-network/carrier • environments • 3. End-to-end enhanced robustness and security in an open network environment Ubiquitous platform as middleware - enabling on-demand network resource allocation between different operators - providing robust & secure capability adapted to individual services Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

12. Ubiquitous Platform (1) Application-Network Collaboration - Dynamic network resource management and allocation as requested by individual applications ・Load balancing and dynamic routing control 　 　 ・Common API(Application Programming Interface) for accepting appli- cation requests and network control interface for network resource management (2) Network-Network Collaboration - Seamless interoperability between different operators ・Roaming: service portability, common authentication (single sign-on), etc. 　　　　　 ・Media handover: low latency handover, audio & video quality assurance - End-to-end network control ・GMPLS/ASON, NNI/UNI (3) Network Traceability - End-to-end traceability ・Enhancing robustness against cyber attacks and system faults through TCP session management Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

13. Ubiquitous Platform Location/Presence Info. Service Electronic Ticketing Ubiquitous Services Bidirectional Communication Content Delivery ‥‥ Storage Service Home Control and Security (1) Application-Network Collab. Network node (Router, Switch, etc.) Server Terminal API Ubiquitous Platform NCI (Network Control I/F) Versatile networks Terminals Servers Cellular phone PDA Laptop PC Wearable Terminal Home appliance Digital TV Home server Sensors Car terminal : FTTH Wired LAN ADSL Core Network (2) Network-Network Collab. IMT‐2000 MAN(Wide area Ether) Wireless LAN Wireless LAN (3) Network Traceability Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

14. (1) Application-Network Collaboration Background: • Requirements for user service flexibility such as • on-demand network resource control, e.g. bandwidth, • session path, etc., have been increasing. Required technologies: • Enabling user service to submit requirements to network in • a heterogeneous operator environment • Easing of tight coupling between a user service and the • network control functions provided by the network • operator • ・Facilitating load balancing regardless of user service location • 　　 ・Optimizing the network resource selection and allocation adapted • to user requirements Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

15. (1) Application-Network Collaboration Allowing to select best-effort or guarantee on-demand for each service Servers Terminals Internet connection VoIP CDN VPN ．．． Mobile phone /PDA PC/Home appliance Sensor API Ubiquitous Platform Service requirements Virtualization of network resource management to services Instruction to networks regarding resource allocation SONET Wide-area Ether FTTH ADSL PDC IMT2000 Wireless LAN • Existing operators • New common carriers • Mobile carriers • ．．． Router with ubiquitous platform Conventional router Networks NCI (Network Control Interface) Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

16. (2) Network-Network Collaboration Background: • Service portability and continuity, e.g., providing seamless • roaming and handover in a wireless environment, will be • achievable through the operator-to-operator collaboration Required technologies: • Network resource management for each session • ・Handover while holding network resources in an end-to-end • session without content quality degradation • High-speed network switching through context transfer • ・Exchanging network and service attribute information including • user authentication information between different operators Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

17. (2)　Network-Network Collaboration ～ Assuring Service Portability and Media Handover ～ ② Confirmation of Service Continuity （Access rights, Resource, etc.） ③ Context (Session Info.) Transfer ① Acquisition of Access Network A’s Attribute ④　Resource Allocation Negotiation ・Bandwidth ・AV coding ・Authentication ・Security level etc. Operator B Operator A ⑤ Restart based on Access Network A’s Attribute in Access Network B Roaming in Transport Level Dual-mode phone e.g., Wireless LAN e.g., 3G Cellular Move Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

18. Transition from Unbundling to Rebundling of Network Resources Operator A Operator X resources resources + API NCI …. Unbundle decomposed Resources are bundled For service B Rebundle for each service with resource negotiation/brokerage, and resource management virtualization to services For service Y Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

19. (3)　Network Traceability Background: • IP packet level monitoring has been becoming impossible • because of explosive traffic increase. TCP session level, • for example, monitoring is expected to enhance the security • in terms of traceability of attack sources, i.e. to facilitate • the attack source identification. Required technologies: • One of the possible solutions: Segmentation of an end-to- • end TCP session into multiple TCP sessions and traffic • monitoring and access control at concatenation points. • Session access control at concatenation points enables the • protection from cyber attacks including DoS(Denial of • Service) attacks before such attacks reach the end user • node. Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

20. (3)　Network Traceability • Quick Trace and Identification of Source of Attacks or Faults • ・Traffic monitoring and tracing TCP session by session, not IP packet- • wise • Shut-out of Attack or Fault-caused Traffic assuring Service • Survivability Quick Trace and Identification of Source of Attacks or Faults Session Admission Control TCP Relay Network IDC Connection Setup IDC Attacker Unsuccessful Connection in case of Fraud IP Unknown Intrusion Pattern Detection Session concatenation point Attacker Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

21. 3. Application to Wireless & Mobile Networks All IP Architecture (3GPP) Circuit-switched Communication CS Domain Mobile Switch Server ISDN /PSDN GW Switch Server Wireless Access (Cellular, Wireless LAN) MGW MGW Data Communication IP backbone Mobile Packet Server （SGSN) GW Packet Server （GGSN) Internet PS Domain IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) SIP Server MGW Controller Signaling GW HSS (HLR+AAA) Application Server CS: Circuit Switched PS: Packet switched Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

22. Integration of 3G and Wireless LAN Communication area, Mobility, Portability High speed, High quality Wireless LAN 3G Content Provider ISP ASPs Internet Access Content Delivery User info., Authentication, Accounting Enterprise Network VPN Internet 3G Service area Hotel Cafe Station Public Space Airport ：Hotspot Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

23. Integration Scenarios discussed in 3GPP Feasible solutions in mid-term ・Scenario 1：　Common Billing and Customer Care ・Scenario 2：　3GPP system based Access Control and Charging ・Scenario 3：　Access to 3GPP system PS based services ・Scenario 4：　Service Continuity ・Scenario 5：　Seamless Services ・Scenario 6：　Access to 3GPP CS Services Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

24. 3G - WLAN Interworking Scenarios 1 - Security level of 3G and WLAN are independent - No new requirements on 3G spec. 2 • AAA are provided by 3G system, e.g. EAP (EAP-AKA for GPRS/USIM and EAP-SIM for GSM/SIM) is used for authenticating user by 3G server • Reuse 3G access control and charging principles (HSS/HLR, etc.) for the benefit of 3G system operators and users 3 • Operators grants access to 3G PS based services through WLAN • Service continuity between 3G and WLAN is not required • IMS based/location based/instant messaging/presence based services • Handover for specific services • Change of service quality in mobility across 3G and WLAN • Both service continuities between 3G & WLAN and WLANs 4 • Seamless service continuity and handover • Non-real-time services: Mobile IP • Real-time services: Fast Mobile IP protocols, Context Transfer protocol, Access Router discovery schemes 5 6 • Grant access to 3G CS based services through CSed WLAN access Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

25. Wireless LAN Solution Example • (1) Plug & Service • - On-site real-time service download to mobile terminal • - Service description/registration/retrieval/discovery/creation • (2) Seamless Roaming • - Service roaming achieving WLAN(Hotspot)-WLAN or • WLAN-3G service continuity and eventual fast handover • - Authentication roaming achieving single sign-on in a • multi-network (WLANs and 3G) environment • (3) Privacy Protection • - Utilization of user profile information for personalized • services • - Privacy information description/negotiation/protection • based on W3C P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences) WLAN: Wireless LAN Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

26. Public Wireless LAN Solution Image 3G　 service area Service Providers dual- mode … Mobile Terminal Content Server Wireless LAN Local Server Application Server IP Network Access Point ： Wireless LAN Local Server Mobile Terminal ISP Server Hotspot Laptop PC, PDA, etc. including local content (Station, Airport, Train, Hotel, Restaurant, Café, etc.) Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

27. Middleware Architecture for Wireless LAN Solution Local Server (Access Point) Mobile Terminal Remote Server (Applications & Content) Applications & Content Applications API • Plug & • Service • Seamless • Roaming • Privacy • Protection • Plug & • Service • Seamless • Roaming • Privacy • Protection • Plug & • Service • Seamless • Roaming • Privacy • Protection Protocols Protocols Middleware NCI IP IP OS & Devices OS & Devices OS & Devices 3G, ADSL/FTTH CSMA/CA (IEEE802.11) Wireless LAN IP Network Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

28. 4. Application to Photonic & Broadband Networks Bandwidth on Demand, VPN Service Support • Network/Transport functions need to be seamlessly controlled from services such as bandwidth on demand and VPN • ASON plays an important role for dynamic network resource assignment Network Design Support Network Design/Optimization, Full Turnkey Service, Customization Operation Support Rapid Provisioning, Multi-Vendor Interoperability Integrated Management Protection QoS SLA Plug & Play Other Network Function ASON Networking Software (NMS, EMS, NNI, GMPLS, UNI, NE Software, etc) Ethernet Transport Service Multi-Service Transport Wavelength Transport Service Service Distribution Core Network ASON: Automatic Switched Optical Network Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

29. 5. Standardization Issues OIF • Network control interface • Content caching, content adaptation (CDN) • - Network control interface ITU IETF • SIP, Presence service (SIMPLE) • Wireless-profiled TCP　 • Security (AAA, PANA) • Mobile IP • - GMPLS • Location info. management • - Digital rights management (DRM) OMA 3GPP/ 3GPP2 • Security (802.11i, 1x/EAP) • Roaming (802.11f) • QoS control(802.11e) IEEE802.11 • Privacy protection (P3P) • Web service (XML, SOAP, UDDI) • - xHTML Digital broadcast W3C - xHTML ATSC (US) ARIB (Japan) DVB (Europe) Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?

30. 6. Conclusions • Deregulation-caused potential new business opportunities • ・On-demand network resource control for individual services • ‘Dynamic Collaboration’ for future enterprise environment • Support for wireless network-involved ubiquitous services • - End-to-end robust and secure capability enhancements Ubiquitous Platform All IP network - Wireless LAN - 3G - GMPLS optical network ： Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How?