The Romantic Age Conti.

1. The Romantic AgeConti. Lecture 15 History of English Literature COMSATS Virtual Islamabad

2. Outline of the Lecture • Romantic age poets (Conti.) • John Keats • Prose- Writers • Novelists • Their Eminent Works

3. JOHN KEATS

4. Life • John Keats, one of the greatest English poets and a major figure in the Romantic movement, was born in 1795 in Moorefield, London. His father died when he was eight and his mother when he was 14; these sad circumstances drew him particularly close to his two brothers, George and Tom, and his sister Fanny. LOGO

5. Keats was well educated at a school in Enfield, where he began a translation of Virgil's Aeneid. • In 1810 he was apprenticed to an apothecary-surgeon. His first attempts at writing poetry date from about 1814, and include an `Imitation' of the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser. LOGO

6. In 1815 he left his apprenticeship and became a student at Guy's Hospital, London; one year later, he abandoned the profession of medicine for poetry. LOGO

7. Keats' first volume of poems was published in 1817. It attracted some good reviews, but these were followed by the first of several harsh attacks by the influential Blackwood's Magazine. Undeterred, he pressed on with his poem `Endymion', which was published in the spring of the following year. LOGO

8. Keats toured the north of England and Scotland in the summer of 1818, returning home to nurse his brother Tom, who was ill with tuberculosis. After Tom's death in December he moved into a friend's house in Hampstead, now known as Keats House. LOGO

9. There he met and fell deeply in love with a young neighbour, Fanny Brawne. During the following year, despite ill health and financial problems, he wrote an astonishing amount of poetry, including `The Eve of St Agnes', 'La Belle Dame sans Merci', `Ode to a Nightingale' and `To Autumn'. LOGO

10. His second volume of poems appeared in July 1820; soon afterwards, by now very ill with tuberculosis, he set off with a friend to Italy, where he died the following February. LOGO

11. Keats and his friend Joseph Severn arrived in Rome, after an arduous journey, in November 1820. They found lodgings in a house near the Spanish Steps. Keats rallied a little at first, and was able to take gentle walks and rides, but by early December he was confined to bed, extremely ill with a high fever. LOGO

12. Severn nursed him devotedly throughout the next few distressing and painful weeks. Keats died peacefully, clasping his friend's hand, on 23 February 1821. LOGO

13. Here lies one whose name was writ in water 〈 The Grave of Keats 〉 • Where young grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies 〈 Ode to a Nightingale〉 LOGO

14. Keats Works • Ode to a Nightingale • Ode to a Grecian Urn • Ode to Melancholy • The Poems • Three narratives • Isabella • The Eve of St. Agnes and Lamia • Hyperion • La Belle Dame Sans Merci

15. The Romantic prose writers • William Hazlitt • Thomas De Quincey • Charles Lamb

16. William Hazlitt a literary critic two major works of criticism Lectures on the English Poets The English Comic Writers Less didactic than his 18th-century counterparts

17. William Hazlitt • He had a passionate interest in literature but was not above allowing his radical political convictions and personal bias to color his criticism. What he enjoyed, he wrote about with enthusiasm and directness; what he disliked, he condemned. • He states that the essays are an attempt “to recollect all I have ever observed or thought upon a subject and to express it as nearly as I can.”

18. Thomas De Quincey Confessions of an English Opium Eater a powerful and imaginative book His subjects are taken from personal experience, politics, history, and literature.

19. Thomas De Quincey De Quincey advocated “impassioned prose,” elaborate and musical. Attempting to penetrate beneath the surface of things, he advocated a style which would extend the range of prose into the realm of poetry. The display of great learning, the sprinkling of classical allusions, the seemingly illogical digressions can, at times, make his writing ponderous and weighty.

20. Charles Lamb He gives his own acute and wry observations in graceful,flowing sentences which meander with the charm of fine conversation, the result of a subtle craftsmanship characterized by urbanity and good taste.

21. Charles Lamb nostalgic and wistful in Dream Children lively and humorous in A Dissertation Upon Roast Pig a gentle person, sympathetic to mankind, but amused by the contradiction and follies of people, including himself

22. Essays of Elia • Under the mask of Elia, Lamb indulges in the most characteristic of Romantic tendencies — personal memoirs, reminiscences of past life. • Time and again in the essays Lamb returns to the world of childhood, weaving autobiographical details and fanciful imaginings into a reality of its own. • He is more concerned with creating a mood and with evoking a response. To do this he uses the rambling, ornate style more typical of the seventeen century than of his own age. His is a style not often imitated well. However, his wry observations of London and his cherished recollections of past days are models for the personal essay.

23. Novelists in the Romantic Period Terje Kissa Keirin Miilmaa C.R.Jacobson Gymnasium Supervisors:M.Maasen T.Pukk Viljandi 2002

24. Jane Austen Terje Kissa Keirin Miilmaa C.R.Jacobson Gymnasium Supervisors:M.Maasen T.Pukk Viljandi 2002

25. Jane Austen’s biography • Was born in 1775 in Hampshire in England • She was the seventh child out of eight • In 1783 she moved to Southampton • 1785-1786 she went to Abbey boarding school • 1782 and 1784 plays were staged by the Austen family • In 1801 she and her family moved to Bath where the most productive work was done • She died in Winchester in 1817, aged 41.

26. Jane Austen’s Writings • Northanger Abbey • Sense and Sensibility • Pride & Prejudice • Mansfield Park • Persuasion • Emma • Juvenilia • Love and Friendship • Lady Susan • The Watsons • Sanditon

27. The Pride &Prejudice • Published in 1813 • A love story • This is wittiest of Jane Austen's novel

28. The Plot • A love story between Miss Elizabeth and Mr.Darcy

29. Themes in “Pride& Prejudice” • Interrupting characters such as Mr.Collins • Hidden emotions • Differences between families • Initial misunderstandings

30. The Characters • Mr.Bennet • Jane Elizabeth • Mary, Kitty Lydia Bingley • Louisa Hurst Caroline • Mr. Collins • Old Mr. Darcy • Lady Ann Darcy • Mr. Darcy • Georgiana Darcy • Lady Catherine • Colonel Fitzwilliam • Mr. Gardiner • Mrs. Gardine • Sir William • Lady Lucas • Old Mr. Wickham • Wickham

31. Mr.Darcy • Very proud • Rich • Educated • Haughty

32. Miss Elizabeth • Lively • With quick wit • Young • Beautiful • Proud • Intelligent • Loyal

33. The Mansfield Park • Published in 1814 • Solemn and moralistic novel • A classic story of adultery

34. The Plot • The story of Fanny Price • A strong friendship between Fanny and her cousin Edmund

35. Miss Fanny • Poor • Vulnarable • Beautiful • Young • Good principles

36. Mr.Edmund • Wealthy • Caring • Helpful • Kindhearted

37. Sense and Sensibility • Published in 1797 • The first of Jane Austen's novels to be published • A love story

38. Characters • John Dashwood • Mr Dashwood • Fanny Dashwood • Marianne Dashwood • Elinor Dashwood • Mrs. Dashwood • Edward Ferrars • Margaret Dashwood • Mrs. Jennings • Sir John Middleton • Thomas • Betsy • Colonel Brandon • John Willoughby • Curate • Charlotte Palmer • Lucy Steele • Pigeon • Maid to Mrs. Jennings • Miss Grey

39. The Plot • Lost money • Love • Learning to balance sense and sensibility to find happiness in love.

40. Jane Austen’s Museum • In this house used to lived Jane and her sister Cassandra • In this house she wrote and revised her famous novels • In 1949 the house was opened as the museum • The museum contains her memorabilia and artefacts

41. The Summary • Jane Austen was one of the greatest women writers of the 19th century. • In her novels the characters are similar to her brothers and sisters • Many famous films have been made based on her novels such as “Pride& Prejudice” and “Mansfield Park”

42. Sir Walter ScottScottish Novelist and Poet

43. Early Life • was born August 15 1771 in College Wynd, in Old Town of Edinburgh to a solicitor • Caught polio and survived however he lost use of his right leg • Sent to Sandyknowe , his grandparents farm, in order to restore his health • Taught to read by his aunt Jenny, who influenced the speech patterns and tales/legends which he used in later works • given private tutoring in arithmetic and writing by James Mitchell • attended grammar school in Sandyknowe and met James Ballantyne who later became his business partner • Nov. 1783,at age 12, started studying at the University of Edinburgh • Began an apprenticeship with his fathers office • Later became a lawyer in Edinburgh

44. Sir Walter Scott Smailholm Tower “Oh what a tangled web we weave, When first we practice to deceive!” 1771-1832

45. Writing Influence • Work is influenced by the 18th century Enlightenment • His work is popular throughout Europe during his time period • Believed every human was practically decent regardless of class, religion, politics and ancestry • Major theme in historical works is tolerance • Waverley novels express belief in need for social progress • First novelist to portray peasants realistically and equal to merchants, kings and soldiers • Central theme of many novels were conflicts between opposing cultures

46. Start of Literary Career • Began to write at 25 by translating works from German • Became an ardent volunteer in yeomanry where he met and later married Margaret Charlotte Charpentier in 1791 • Had five children together • Invested in money over time through various jobs and events like being a lawyer, sheriff-deputy, wife’s income, inheritance and from writing • Founded a printing press with his poetry • Succeeded in publishing numbers of poems over the next ten years

47. Famous Works

48. Famous Works (conti.)

49. Novel Life • Waverley and other to follow within the first five years all followed Scottish historical setting • Always published novels under the name Author of Waverley or as “the Tales of…” with no author • many years passed and when he could finally come out in the open he chose to remain hidden and used the name The Wizard of the North • When he published ivanhoe he steered away from Scottish history to English romance in 12th -century. • Wrote several books which were sympathetic towards Jews- were written around the time of the Emancipation of Jews in England. • As his fame grew he was granted title of the baronet, which became Sir Walter Scott • He included little punctuation in his drafts and mostly left them for the printers to supply

50. Around 1825 started to go bankrupt, his company almost collapses • Instead of declaring bankruptcy he traded in his house and income to his creditors hoping to get out of debt • He kept writing and publishing fiction until he died in Abbotsford in 1832 • Was buried in Dryburgh Abbey • Abbotsford House was a farmhouse which was developed into an enriched palace that Scott bought over time costing him over £25,000 • He essentially invented the modern historical novel • Influence the Edinburgh's central railway station now called Waverley Station • He contributed to the reinvention of Scottish culture • His novels followed the rehabilitating of public perception instead of following southern distrust of hill bandits