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IST 301: Information and Organizations

Explore various analytic models of information processing in organizations, types of information systems, and the impact of IT on organizational dynamics. Learn about Huber's, Galbraith's, and Daft and Lengel's models for efficient processing. Delve into operational, communication, control, decision support, and inter-organizational systems. Grasp the transformative effects of IT on organizations and consider the broader contextual influences on organizational change.

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IST 301: Information and Organizations

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  1. IST 301: Information and Organizations Wei-Fan Chen, Ph.D. The Penn State University Wilkes-Barre Campus

  2. Lecture 4: Information Processing and IT Systems • Organizational information processing: Three analytic models • Huber’s Model • Galbraith’s Model • Daft and Lengel’s Model • Types of information systems • Impact of IT on organizations

  3. Lecture 4: Information Processing and IT Systems • GM Environmental Activities Staff (pp.448-449) • In 1981-1982 • Change #1: More interactions • Change #2: Power relationship change • Change #3: Work schedule change

  4. Information processing is a fundamental process (function) in organizations. Premise

  5. Definition • Data v.s. Information • Data Science v.s. Information Science • Information processing is the process (action) of collecting, modifying, summarizing, prioritizing, and routing information.

  6. Organizational information processing • Huber’s Model: • Two criteria • Efficiency (message routing and summarizing) • Discretion (message modification and delay)

  7. Organizational information processing • Galbraith’s Model • Overcome uncertainty • Two steps • Reducing information needs • Increasing information processing capacity

  8. Organizational information processing • Daft and Lengel’s Model • Consider uncertainty and ambiguity (deal with effectiveness) • A fit (coordination) between • information processing requirements • its amount

  9. Organizational information processing • Together, the three models provide the basis for understanding why different types of information systems are needed in organizations

  10. Types of information systems • Operational systems: structure work • Communication systems: enhance communication • Control systems: monitor performance • Decision support systems: aid decision making • Inter-organizational systems: facilitate transactions among organizations

  11. Impacts of IT on organizations • Technological imperative • IT as a causal variable • Organizational imperative • Change organizations to fit IT • Emergent process perspective • Consider other external factors

  12. Review questions • What are the three models of organizational information processing? • What are the five types of information systems? • What are the impacts of IT on organizations?

  13. Homework (week 7- reading 4) • Briefly discuss about the three analytic models of information processing mentioned in the article. • Read the case study on pp.477-478 in the reading (British Rail Case Study) • Answer the four questions asked in the article.

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