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Psychology 1/17/2012 Psychological Disorders

Psychology 1/17/2012 Psychological Disorders. Info to Know:

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Psychology 1/17/2012 Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychology 1/17/2012Psychological Disorders Info to Know: Using insanity as a defense has a long history. The first important case for it was in 1843 when a Scotsman, Daniel M’Naghten, killed the secretary to the British Prime Minister because he believed the government was conspiring against him. M’Naghten was acquitted after jurors heard medical testimony, but M’Naghten was placed in a mental institution for the rest of his life. This sentencing came to be known as the M’Naghten rule, and it became the standard for judging legal insanity in a number of states in the United States.

  2. Psychological Disorders • The Big Idea • Psychological disorders have different causes and symptoms and can interfere with a person’s life. • Essential Questions • What are psychological disorders and how are they classified? • How do anxiety and mood disorders affect people? • How do dissociative and somatoform disorders affect people? • What is schizophrenia and what are the three types? • What are personality disorders?

  3. Goal for Today • Identify the four criteria and explain how psychologists use those criteria to determine if a person’s behavior indicates the presence of a psychological disorder.

  4. Agenda • Case Study • Statistically Speaking • Section 1: Understanding Psychological Disorders • Due Jan. 20th at 1159pm on turnitin.com: • Ch 14 Theories of Personality Summative Assessment

  5. Case Study: Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity • Read the Case Study on pages 496-497 • Ponder the questions at the bottom of page 497 • We will discuss the questions…

  6. Statistically Speaking-pg. 499 • Let’s look at the statistics…

  7. What Are Psychological Disorders? • Psychological disorders are behavior patterns or mental processes that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life. • Psychological disorders are classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, also known as the DSM. • The great majority of people are never admitted to mental hospitals and most people never seek the help of psychologists or psychiatrists. • Estimates suggest that one in four American adults have experienced some type of psychological disorder. • For people aged 15 to 44, psychological disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States.

  8. What are psychological disorders? CLASSIFYING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS • Most psychologists believe that it is important to have a widely agreed upon classification of psychological disorders • It is important to classify psychological disorders so that individuals can be correctly diagnosed and treated

  9. Identifying Psychological Disorders • People with psychological disorders usually do not differ much form so-called normal people. • Certain behavior patterns and mental processes may suggest that an individual has a psychological disorder. • Psychologists use several criteria to determine whether a person’s behavior indicates the presence of a psychological disorder. • Typicality • Normality is determined by the degree to which a behavior is average, or typical, of the majority of people. • Scientific and artistic geniuses are not typical, but are not abnormal. • People who are quite normal may have lifestyles that differ widely from the rest of the community. • Additional measurements must be taken into account.

  10. Identifying Psychological Disorders • Maladaptivity • Maladaptivity is a behavior that impairs an individual’s ability to function adequately in everyday life. • Behavior that causes misery and distress rather than happiness and fulfillment, or that is dangerous • Emotional Discomfort • Depression and anxiety cause extreme emotional discomfort. • Helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, extreme sadness, and withdrawal • Socially Unacceptable Behavior • Cultural context of a behavior must be taken into account. • Culture-bound syndromes: clusters of symptoms

  11. DSM Major Types of Disorders • APA's classification system • Used to communicate needs and treatment • Modern categories based on observable signs and symptoms • Anxiety • Mood • Dissociative • Somatoform • Schizophrenic • Personality Classifying Psychological Disorders • Classification helps to determine: • How many people have a given disorder • What factors may be associated with a disorder • Diagnosis and treatment

  12. This chart is on page 501 of your text.

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