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Infection Disease Epidemiology

Infection Disease Epidemiology - Chain of infection.

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Infection Disease Epidemiology

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    1. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 1

    2. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 2

    3. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 3 Learning objectives: By the end of this lecture student will be able to:: Describe the infectious disease process (Chain of infection) List the types of reservoir of infectious diseases of man Define a carrier and list its types. Define zoonoses and list examples. Identify the different modes of transmission of the organisms from the reservoir to the susceptible host.

    4. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 4

    5. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 5

    6. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 6 Zoonoses

    7. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 7 Zoonoses

    8. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 8

    9. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 9

    10. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 10

    11. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 11 Pathogen Transmission

    12. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 12

    13. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 13 Contact Transmission

    14. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 14 Direct-Contact Transmission

    15. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 15

    16. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 16 Droplet Transmission

    17. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 17

    18. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 18

    19. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 19 Foodborne Transmission

    20. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 20 Waterborne Transmission

    21. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 21 Common-Source Outbreak

    22. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 22 Indirect-Contact Transmission

    23. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 23 Indirect-Contact Transmission

    24. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 24

    25. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 25 Modes of Transmission

    26. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 26

    27. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 27 Airborne Transmission

    28. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 28

    29. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 29 Modes of Transmission

    30. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 30

    31. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 31 Portals of Entry

    32. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 32 Portals of Entry

    33. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 33 6. Host A susceptible host is the final link in the chain of infection. The host is a person or other living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent under normal conditions.

    34. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 34

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    38. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 38 Specific acquired immunity: two types: Active immunity: Resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen either; Naturally by infecting agent or Artificially by vaccine and usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host.

    39. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 39 2. Passive immunity: Immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host and may be acquired; Naturally by an infant from its mother or Artificially by administration of an antibody containing preparation (antiserum or immune globulin).

    40. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 40

    41. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 41 Herd immunity It is the state of immunity of a group or a community. Also it is; “The resistance of a group to invasion and spread of an infectious agent, based on the immunity of a high proportion of individual members of the group”.

    42. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 42 Factors Affecting Herd Immunity: The extent of coverage of the immunization program. The degree of resistance to infection afforded by the vaccine. Duration and degree of infectivity of the organism. Past experience with different infections. Overcrowding and environmental sanitation.

    43. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 43

    44. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 44 Period of Communicability The time during which an infectious agent my be transmitted directly or indirectly from an infected person to a susceptible person or animal. Its length varies from one disease to another.

    45. 30/10/2010 Dr. Salwa Tayel 45 Incubation period (IP) The period from exposure to infection to the onset of symptoms or signs of infectious disease. The length of incubation period depends on: The portal of entry. The rate of growth of the organism in the host. The dosage of the infectious agent. The host resistance.

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