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IONIC LIQUIDS

IONIC LIQUIDS . By Gary W. Earl Augustana College March 2006. What are Ionic Liquids?. Ionic Compounds- charged like NaCl Exhibit properties like high melting points Very water soluble Non-volatile so don’t evaporate easily Very high boiling points, often over 1000 deg C. But Liquids:

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IONIC LIQUIDS

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  1. IONIC LIQUIDS By Gary W. Earl Augustana College March 2006

  2. What are Ionic Liquids? • Ionic Compounds- charged like NaCl • Exhibit properties like high melting points • Very water soluble • Non-volatile so don’t evaporate easily • Very high boiling points, often over 1000 deg C. • But Liquids: • Boiling points below 100 deg C, preferably near room temperature. • Perhaps serve as solvents for other ionic compounds • Therefore possibly green compounds

  3. Green Chemistry • Green Products • Products which do not affect the environment • We are working toward a sustainable world. • Green Processes • We need to make chemicals by processes that do not damage our ecosystem. • We need to use reactants that are biofriendly. • We must find ways to make and use products that are also biofriendly.

  4. Quats: Current Uses • Fabric Softeners – Downy, Snuggle, Bounce, etc. • Hair care conditioners: • Road Asphalt Emulsifiers • Sugar clarifiers in sucrose processing • Ore flotation in phosphate mining, etc. • Many other uses. • Hundreds of millions of pounds used each year in fabric softeners alone.

  5. What’s the chemistry behind the process? • Amines, an ammonia derivative, are basic. Arrhenius bases? No! Bronsted-Lowry bases? (proton acceptors)? Yes! Lewis bases? (electron donors?) Yes! • Bases can also be nucleophiles, ie., they can attack ‘nuclei’. • Thus the area of chemistry, nucleophilic substitution reactions.

  6. Substitution Nucleophilic Second-Order • The nucleophile needs to be a strong one. • The attack occurs on a primary carbon. • The leaving group needs to be a good one. • The solvent assists the reaction if it is polar.

  7. Summer, 2005 research at Augustana • Jessica Paumen and Eric Villa worked on perfecting the synthesis.

  8. 10:10:1 molar ratio of DMC:methanol:amine • Purged atmosphere using N2 • Stirred and heated to the desired temperature • Reaction was run for 24 hours • DMC and MeOH were recovered once the reaction was completed by sparging

  9. The “Birthday Cake” Reactor • 5-gallon insulated kettle, filled with mineral oil • Thermowatch and mechanical stirrer

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