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Roman Historiography

Roman Historiography. Republican SEMINAR II: Sallust BC 1-5 Party Politics ch1. Sallvst. Thucydidean Influence. View of human nature View of historiography Concentration Selection Omission Emphasis on politics Analyses of human behavior. Style-Thucydides poetic language

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Roman Historiography

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  1. Roman Historiography Republican SEMINAR II: Sallust BC 1-5 Party Politics ch1

  2. Sallvst

  3. Thucydidean Influence • View of human nature • View of historiography • Concentration • Selection • Omission • Emphasis on politics • Analyses of human behavior

  4. Style-Thucydides poetic language variety of grammatical usage inconcinnity rapidity Style- Sallust Poetic/archaic vocab unusual grammatical turns inconcinnity rapidity of thought & expression compression & omission variatio Thucydidean Influence

  5. Sallvstian Style • Archaism • Asyndeton • Parataxis • Hyperbaton • Inconcinnitas • Brevitas • antithesis

  6. Party Politics Personalities & Programs

  7. outline • Sources • Classes • Constitution • Magistracies • Assemblies • elections • Factiones/Partes • Roman Revolution • Gracchi • Marius v. Sulla • Pompey, Crassus, Caesar • Participants/scene

  8. Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs • amazing primary sources • Caesar’s commentarii • Sallust’s BC, BJ, Historiae, Epistulae ad Caesarem? • Cicero’s speeches, essays, letters • Taylor’s quellenforschungen • In text • In footnotes 2 & 3 • great example of modern scholarly evolution • Compare Ramsey p.6

  9. Party Politics Personalities & Programs • Roman Republican gov’t • Checks & balances • Aristocratic control • Ti. Gracchus • sword carried into assembly • Liberty v. equality • Class division based on landed property

  10. Ordines • Patricians: (patricii) • from patres • title applied to members of Senate • patrician clans claimed descent from earliest Senators • highly privileged aristocratic class • hereditary membership • only by birth (until end of Republic)

  11. Ordines • Plebeians: (plebeii) • from plebs • all Roman citizens not patrician

  12. Struggle of the Ordersplebeian milestones • 494 BC: First Secession of the Plebs • established their own assembly (the Concilium Plebis) • elected their own magistrates, the Tribunes and the Plebeian Aediles. • 450 BC: Law of the Twelve Tables, first codification of Roman law • 445 BC: patricians and plebeians permitted to intermarry • 367 BC: plebeians became eligible for the consulship • 342 BC: one of the two Consuls must be a plebeian • 339 BC: one of the two Censors must be a plebeian • 300 BC: half of the priesthoods (also state offices) must be plebeian • 287 BC: Third Secession of the Plebs • won concession that all plebiscites (measures passed in Concilium Plebis) had the force of law for entire Roman state

  13. Struggle of the Orders • non-violent methods • Reshaped Aristocracy • Aristocracy of birth replaced with aristocracy based on political office and wealth, particularly land-based wealth. • Society remained hierarchical, class-based • Large gap between top and bottom citizen classes

  14. Roman Citizen Classes • Patrician • Senatorial (Plebeian) • Equites (Plebeian) • Property Owners (Plebeian) • Capite Censi (Plebeian)

  15. Money Property Requirements • ≈ 16 asses = 4 ƒ = 1 denarius • ƒ1,000,000 for Senatorial • ƒ400,000 for Equites • ƒ3,000 for 4th class

  16. Cursus honorum jpg Party Politics

  17. Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs • Nobiles • Military service requirements class determined • Cavalry/officer class • Centuriate Assembly • Vote for consuls praetors • Vote in order by class • Senate • Ex-magistrates life-time membership • Subdivisions based on rank (highest office held) • Asked to speak in order of rank • Election to office influenced by family & hereditity • novus homo

  18. Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs • Equites • Cavalry/officer class

  19. Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs • Pedites Foot Soldier Classes • Class based on property rating • ƒ50,000 • 4 classes for small farmers • No landed property

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