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RAW MILK MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS AND ITS SOURCES IN FARM ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION. Milk - the part of the healthy human diet;Dairy foods provide a unique mix of nutrients;Milk - an excellent medium for bacteria, yeasts and moulds . Sources of milk contaminants. Environmental saprophytic microorganisms: from teat canal, teat and udder skin, dust, manure, bedding material, feed, water, milking system, cooling tanks.

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RAW MILK MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS AND ITS SOURCES IN FARM ENVIRONMENT

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    1. RAW MILK MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS AND ITS SOURCES IN FARM ENVIRONMENT Konosonoka I.H., Jemeljanovs A., Ikauniece D. Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine �Sigra�, Latvia

    2. INTRODUCTION Milk - the part of the healthy human diet; Dairy foods provide a unique mix of nutrients; Milk - an excellent medium for bacteria, yeasts and moulds

    3. Sources of milk contaminants Environmental saprophytic microorganisms: from teat canal, teat and udder skin, dust, manure, bedding material, feed, water, milking system, cooling tanks Pathogenic microorganisms: from diseased cows � 80 % of inflamed quarter milk samples contain pathogenic bacteria

    4. Mastitis causing organisms Contagious pathogens- Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma spp. Environmental pathogens � Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae

    5. AIM OF THE STUDY to find out raw milk contaminants and its sources in farm environment

    6. MATERIAL AND METHODS - I In total: 159 bulk milk samples; 21 water samples; 5 manure samples from the four dairy farms were analyzed; 4 air samples from 2 farms 311 subclinical and 87 clinical mastitis secretion samples;

    7. MATERIAL AND METHODS - II Cows were Latvian Brown (LB), Holsteins Black (HM), and crosses LB*HM. Majority of cows (82,6 %) were from 1st to 4th lactation; productivity of 63.0 % of cows made 4�500 to 6�000 kg of milk per year.

    8. Methods of analyses Bacteriological examination according to generally accepted standards: Total bacterial count: LVS EN ISO 4833:2003 Salmonella spp.: LVS EN ISO 6579:2003 Listeria monocytogenes: LVS EN ISO 11290-1 + A1: 2007 Staphylococcus spp.: LVS EN ISO 6888-1:1999

    9. RESULTS

    10. Microflora of bulk milk samples I

    11. Microflora of bulk milk samples II

    12. Microflora of bulk milk samples III

    13. Microflora of bulk milk samples IV Gram-negative microorganisms: 9,4 % ( n = 159), int.al. Pantoea agglomerans, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia mercescens

    14. Microflora of subclinical secretion sample

    15. Microflora of clinical secretion samples

    16. Incidence of contaminated water samples (%) I

    17. Incidence of contaminated water samples (%) II

    18. Microflora from air in dairy farms

    19. Microflora from cows� manure (n=5)

    20. CONCLUSIONS I Food born pathogens Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 15,7 %, 1,2 %, 0,6 % bulk milk samples, respectively. Salmonella spp. had not been isolated from milk samples. Subclinically and clinically diseased cows� milk is the source for raw milk contamination with Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and gram- negative bacteria.

    21. CONCLUSIONS II Water used in dairy farms is the source for raw milk contamination with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Bacillus cereus, Clostridium spp. and coliform bacteria. Air in dairy farms may be source of contamination with members of Staphylococcus genus. Manure is the potential source for raw milk contamination with Bacillus cereus, Listeria spp., Escherichia coli.

    22. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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