The History of the United Kingdom

1. C.R Jakobson Gymnasium The History of the United Kingdom by Ave Arak and Epp Jürisson Supervisors: T.Pukk and M.Maasen Viljandi 2002

2. Introduction • The British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years. • The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. • The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers.

3. 4000 -1500 BC stone age man, the first farmers, Stonehenge • 1500 BC - 43 AD the age of hill forts and the Celts • 43 AD - 410 AD Roman Britain, they came, they saw, they conquered • 410 - 1066 the Romans left, the Anglo Saxons arrived, the Normans conquered • History

4. 1066 - 1154 the Normans consolidate their conquest • 1154 - 1485 the Middle Ages • 1485 - 1603 Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and the Tudors • 1603 - 1660 the divine right of kings to rule, then chop off their heads

5. 1815 - 1914 • 1660 - 1715 • 1600 - 1783 Peace and prosperity, the growth of Empire • Restoration and Revolution, the beginning of • Empire Britain in North America - we would rather forget • 1715 - 1815 • The German Georges rule Britain

6. 1914 - 1918 • 1918 - 1939 • 1939 - 1945 • 1945 - 2000 Post War Britain - loses an Empire, looks for the role The after effects of World War I, the General Strike The First World War, carnage without a cause World War II

7. The Kings and Queens • Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated. • Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. •  From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became subject to Parliament, resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.

8. The best known Queen: Queen Elizabeth I • Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. • Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana. 1533 - 1603

9. The best known King: • Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundred Years' War • and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France. Eduard III 1312-1377

10. The Historical Flag • When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be. by Graham BartramFlag adopted1 January 1801

11. Flagś crosses • The Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland).

12. The Map of UK • Here we can see all the countries of United Kingdom

13. The Most Important Wars • The Hundred Years War1336-1565 • Wars of the Roses1455-1487 • Civil War1642-1645 • Boer War1901-1902 • World War I1914-1918 • World War II1939-1945

14. Wales • a Celtic land of mountains and coal

15. Northern Ireland • It is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. • Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their own future democratically. • Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland.

16. Scotland • An English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. • Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. • The Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured complete Scots independence.

17. England • England has always played an important role in the worldś economy and business.

18. Historical Monument • the name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England • It consists of a great collection of stones Stonehedge

19. The Historical Big Ben • Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks. • It houses the House of Parliament.

20. Summary The history has efected our lives for centuries and will continue to do the same in future. We think that England has always been rich of kings and queens who has changed the world.