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COGNITIVE SCIENCE 17 Why Emotions Are Necessary Part 1 Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.

Emotions. Responses of the whole organism, involving...physiological arousal (autonomic/hormonal)expressive behaviors (behavioral)conscious experience (cognitive). Evolutionary Advantage to Emotion. For example:Fight or flight responsebut can basic emotions help or overwhelm rational thinking?.

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COGNITIVE SCIENCE 17 Why Emotions Are Necessary Part 1 Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.

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    3. Evolutionary Advantage to Emotion For example: Fight or flight response but can basic emotions help or overwhelm rational thinking? Antonio Damasio, in Descartes’ Error, asserts that concerted activity at all levels of the cortex assist rational decision making. For a reference citation, see your Reference list in the syllabus. Antonio Damasio, in Descartes’ Error, asserts that concerted activity at all levels of the cortex assist rational decision making. For a reference citation, see your Reference list in the syllabus.

    4. A Biological Purpose for Emotion? Signaling function (that we might take action) Provide strong impulse to take action Promote unique, stereotypical patterns of physiological change and behavior

    5. Emotions Negative Fear Anger Grief Hate Positive Love Empathy Caring Joy

    6. Psychological Reasons for Experiencing Emotion Catharsis energy release catharsis hypothesis “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges Feel-good, do-good phenomenon people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

    7. Psychological Reasons for Experiencing Emotion Subjective State of Well-Being self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life used along with measures of objective well-being physical and economic indicators to evaluate people’s quality of life

    8. Basic Emotions--presumed to be hard wired and physiologically distinctive Joy Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Fear

    9. Expressing Emotion Culturally universal expressions

    10. Expressing Emotion Smiles can show different emotions: a) Mask anger b) Overly polite c) Soften criticism d) Reluctant compliance

    11. Expressing Emotion Gender and expressiveness

    12. Experiencing Emotion Does money buy happiness?

    13. Experiencing Emotion Values and life satisfaction

    14. Theories of Emotion

    15. James-Lange Theory of Emotion Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

    16. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses subjective experience of emotion

    17. Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion To experience emotion one must: be physically aroused cognitively label the arousal

    18. Physical Arousal

    19. Arousal and Performance Performance peaks at lower levels of arousal for difficult tasks, and at higher levels for easy or well-learned tasks

    20. Cognition Drives Emotion

    21. Cognition-Emotion Relationship

    22. Behavior Drives Emotion

    23. Behavior Drives Emotions Facial Feedback Hypothesis Activation of “sad face” muscles makes subject feel sadder (from Larsen, et al., 1992)

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