1 / 17

Major Approaches to Studying Leadership

Major Approaches to Studying Leadership. Heredity Graphology Astrology Phrenology Traits Behaviors Contingency Theories New Frontiers. Leader Behavior Theories of Leadership. Leadership Theory Use of Authority Overall Orientation McGregor’s Theory X & Y Autocrat vs.

paul2
Download Presentation

Major Approaches to Studying Leadership

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Major Approaches to Studying Leadership • Heredity • Graphology • Astrology • Phrenology • Traits • Behaviors • Contingency Theories • New Frontiers

  2. Leader Behavior Theories of Leadership Leadership Theory Use of Authority Overall Orientation McGregor’s Theory X & Y Autocrat vs. Participative Likert’s 4 Systems Autocrat Benevolent Autocrat Consultative Participative Harvard Studies Task vs. Social Michigan Studies Job vs. Employee Centered Ohio State Studies Initiating vs Consideration Structure Managerial Grid Production vs. People Narrow Definition General Definition

  3. Leadership Questionnaires: Scoring Keys Leadership Style Questionnaire Total of: a+d+e+g+j+l+m+o+r+s = “X” Score Total of: b+c+f+h+i+k+n+p+q+t = “Y” Score “Y” - “X” = score T-P Questionnaire Task = 1+2+4+6+7+9+11+12(R)+13+14+16+17(R)+20+21+23+ 25+27+29+31+33 People = 3+5+8(R)+ 10+15+18(R)+19(R)+22+24+26+28+30(R)+ 32+34(R)+35(R) Where (R) means you reverse code the responses

  4. Managerial Grid High Low 1,9 9,9 Country Team Club 5,5 Middle of the Road Push for Impoverished Production 1,1 9,1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Concern for People 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Concern for Production

  5. Tannenbaum & Schmidt Manager’s Use of Authority Area of Freedom for Subordinates Styles of Leadership

  6. Fiedler’s Contingency theory Leader- Member Good Relations Poor Relations Relations Task Structure Leader Power Position Structured Unstructured Structured Unstructured Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Very Situational Favorableness Very Favorable Unfavorable Leader Production Employee Production Style Centered Centered Centered

  7. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Type of Subordinate Leader Subordinate Subordinate Behavior Perceptions Outcomes Directive Valence Effort Supportive Expectancy Motivation Achievement Instrumentality Performance Participative Satisfaction Type of Task

  8. Hersey and Blanchard’s Life Cycle Theory High Low Relationship Behavior Low High Task Behavior High Low Maturity (Readiness) Level of Subordinates

  9. Vertical Dyad Linkage Model (Leader-Member Exchange LMX) Leader Out-group In-group

  10. Operant Approach to Leadership (Leader Reward Behavior) Antecedent Behavior Consequence D S B +R Discriminative Behavior Positive Stimulus Response Reinforcement Leader Behavior Leader Behavior

  11. Substitutes for Leadership Substitute for Leader Behaviors Characteristics Relationship Task Subordinate Characteristics Ability & Experience X Need for Independence X X “Professional” Orientation X X Task Characteristics Routine Tasks X Clear Feedback provided by Task X Intrinsically Satisfying Task X Organizational Characteristics Formalization X Cohesive Work Groups X X Org. Rewards Outside Leader’s Control X X

  12. Transformational Leadership Three Characteristics: 1. Charismatic Behavior - instills pride instills faith instills a sense of vision 2. Individual Consideration - delegates to stimulate learning a Human Resource Style 3. Intellectual Stimulation - encourages development of new ideas encourages rethinking old ideas encourages risk taking Contrast to Other Leadership Theories: A. Focuses attention on the leader per se not on leader-subordinate relations. B. Focuses on the total organization

  13. Attribution Theory of Leadership Traditional Leadership Theory L P Attribution Theory of Leadership P L Successful Leaders: Those who are able to attach themselves to successes and disassociate themselves from failures.

  14. Time Span of Discretion Action 1 Outcome 1 President A Attachment Process Time Span of Discretion President B Action 2 Time

  15. Putting it all together Classification Schemes e.g., Content vs. Process “Use” Perspective e.g., Selection & Placement vs. Training & Development Leadership Themes Executive Leadership

  16. A Thematic Approach to Leadership Organization Renewal Transformational Transformational Transactional Conditional Leader VDL Path Life Contin- Decision Reward Goal Cycle gency Making Compliance Commitment Individual Group

  17. Executive Leadership Individual Differences Selection of the Leader Organizational, Group, Subordinate Performance Retention, Succession Leader Behaviors Attribution Transformational, Attribution Theory Conditional, Theory Transactional

More Related