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Oceans

Oceans. Water, water everywhere… But only on the Earth!. Oceans. Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water Of that, 95% is salt water – only 5% is fresh water – and part of that is ice. Ocean names. All the oceans are really just one body of water

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Oceans

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  1. Oceans Water, water everywhere… But only on the Earth!

  2. Oceans • Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water • Of that, 95% is salt water – only 5% is fresh water – and part of that is ice

  3. Ocean names • All the oceans are really just one body of water • This is divided into the four named oceans: • Pacific • Atlantic • Indian • Arctic

  4. Tides • The oceans are always in motion • Tides happen twice daily • Tides are caused by the pull of gravity by the moon, and to a lesser degree by the sun • Why do you think the sun would pull less than the moon?

  5. Currents • There are two type of Ocean Currents: Surface Currents-Surface Circulation • These waters make up about 10% of all the water in the ocean. • These waters are the upper 400 meters of the ocean.

  6. Currents Deep Water Currents-Thermohaline Circulation • These waters make up the other 90% of the ocean • These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity • The density difference is caused by different temperatures and salinity • These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to increase.

  7. Forces • Ocean Currents are influenced by two types of forces • 1. Primary Forces--start the water moving • The primary forces are: • Solar Heating • Winds • Gravity • Coriolis effect

  8. Forces • 2. Secondary Forces--influence where the currents flow • Surface Circulation • Solar heating cause water to expand. Near the equator the water is about 8 centimeters high than in middle latitudes. This cause a very slight slope and water wants to flow down the slope. • Winds blowing on the surface of the ocean push the water. Friction occurs between the wind and the water's surface.

  9. Wind direction

  10. Wind • A wind blowing for 10 hours across the ocean will cause the surface waters to flow at about 2% of the wind speed. • Water will pile up in the direction the wind is blowing. • Gravity will pull the water down the "hill" or pile of water. • But the Coriolis Force causes the water to move to the right (in the northern hemisphere) around the mound of water.

  11. Mounding

  12. These large mounds of water and the flow around them are called Gyres. The produce large circular currents in all the ocean basins. • Gyres

  13. Remember the Coriolis Force move objects to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere

  14. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com Is home to well over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This a free site. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching

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