Please ensure that you are sitting comfortably

1. Please ensure that you are sitting comfortably

2. Welcome to the Holderness Coastal Committee AGM. There are some serious decisions to be made today so think carefully and make your choices wisely. Listen to what other people have to say and take their views on board. Remember if you listen and show them respect, they will do the same for you.

3. The Holderness Coastline

4. Listen to the proposals from your colleagues. Which town would you like to protect from coastal erosion? Mappleton Hornsea Easington Timer

5. Richard Thomson Next decision Interesting Choice! You have chosen to protect this small farming town which some may find a little confusing? However, you have obviously noted the huge importance of the B1242 road that links all of the main towns along the Holderness Coast. Not only does it allow residents to travel to and from different towns but also facilitates the large flow of tourists that descend on the coast in the summer months. It is also a key transport route to and from the gas works at Easington.

6. David Wright David Wright David Wright A good choice. Hornsea is quite the bustling seaside resort in the summer months and generates a lot of money for the Holderness region. Most visitors do however like to travel along the coastline to other coastal towns and towards Spurn Point. A safe reliable road is essential for this, so lets hope that your decision doesn’t jeopardise the B1242 main coastal route? Next decision

7. The obvious economist! Next decision Carol Walker You have decided to protect Easington. Considering that 25% of all gas used in the UK comes from this station, this choice was surely based on sound economical reasons. However, will Easington’s future location be secure if no protection is provided further north along the coastline? The main coastal B1242 route skirts precariously along the coast at Mappleton and with no protection there, the road that brings your staff and materials may be in real danger. This will surely affect the sustainability of your industry?

8. What type of sea defence would you like? Mappleton Sea Wall £2.5mil/km Managed Retreat – cost dependent on settlement Groyne £1000/m

9. What type of sea defence would you like? Hornsea Sea Wall £2.5mil/km Managed Retreat – cost dependent on settlement Groyne £1000/m

10. What type of sea defence would you like? Easington Sea Wall £2.5mil/km Managed Retreat – cost dependent on settlement Groyne £1000/m

11. Congratulations, this is a popular choice. It has resulted in the building up of the beach at Mappleton and therefore offered an absorptive defence against the force of the sea. However, the groyne has disrupted the natural flow of longshore drift and starved the beaches to the south of Mappleton of much needed beach sediment. The erosion rate at Withernsea & Easington has doubled since the construction of the Mappleton groyne. Mappleton Carol Walker What do you do now? Remove the groyne Protect Easington

12. Easington You have chosen to protect Easington. Many would agree that this is a good idea as it will protect one of the coast’s main industries. It won’t be cheap though. Did you make the right decision to protect Mappleton in the first place? Your choice had a potentially catastrophic on Easington, Withernsea and Spurn Point – do you have enough money left to give Easington the level of protection that it now needs? What is your next step? Beach Nourishment £1000/m Build a groyne

13. Easington You have chosen to protect Easington through the process of beach nourishment. Congratulations! This is a very environmentally-friendly ‘soft engineering’ approach to protecting the coastline. Andy Beecroft However, due to the lack of natural deposition by longshore drift (as a result of the Mappleton groyne), this form of beach protection will need constant replenishment, and this comes at a cost. Will you … Submit an application for recurrent council funding, to maintain the imported supply. Make an application for a one-off funding grant to implement a form of ‘hard-engineering.

14. Easington Unfortunately the Holderness council cannot commit themselves to a recurrent funding program over an unspecified period of time. This argument was especially strong against a backdrop of calls from Withernsea and Hornsea residents for some kind of coastal protection for them, in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to rethink your answers?

15. You have chosen to make a one-off application to the Holderness council to facilitate the implementation of a ‘hard-engineering’ coastal defence scheme. Unfortunately the council cannot justify giving you this money especially against a backdrop of calls from other local residents for some kind of coastal protection for themselves. This is particularly relevant in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to rethink your answers?

16. Easington You have chosen to build a groyne at Easington. Well done, you have managed to trap the reduced amount of sediment coming from the north which offers Easington a reasonable defence from the hydraulic power of the waves. Carol Walker However, you may have caused a major environmental catastrophe. Your groyne prevents longshore drift from transporting beach sediment to feed Spurn Point. The spit has become vulnerable to the power of the sea and begun to retreat inland. Not only has this devastated the habitats of a number of wading birds but it has also removed the first line of defence for the Humber estuary. The outlet of the estuary is now more vulnerable to erosion whilst the inlet has experienced greater levels of deposition, reducing the depth of the harbour. Try again?

17. Mappleton Easington Congratulations, you have managed to halve the rate of erosion occuring in Easington which has offered some short-term protection from the force of the sea. However, it could be argued that you have merely prolonged the inevitable, and sooner rather than later you will have to face this issue again. The effect on Mappleton has been very worrying. Part of the coastal B1242 road has begun to fall into the sea as the coastline continues to retreat inland. Not only has this affected the flow of people and goods along the coast (in particular it has affected the gasworks), but it is a very costly problem to resolve. Re-route the B1242 away from endangered coastal areas. Replace Mappleton groyne and rebuild the road.

18. Mappleton Well, you have managed to save the road and Mappleton, but you have also spent the council’s budget for the next 10 years! Repairing the road has annihilated public funds Stephen Horncastle and means that you have no more capital to fund defence schemes in other areas. The erosion rate at Easington has doubled and the gasworks are precariously close to the edge of the cliffs. To the North of groyne, Hornsea is suffering from the powerful force of the sea, due to the lack of protective beach sediment (obstructed by Flamborough Head) and the lack of money to implement defence strategies. Would you like to rethink your situation?

19. FINANCIAL DISASTER!!!! A financial crisis has befallen Holderness Council. The budget for the whole area has been overspent re-directing the area’s major coastal road. Life has been severely disrupted in the process and Stephen Horncastle the tourist industry has especially suffered. The reduction in revenues from tourism has failed to ease the situation for other local services which have suffered as a result of the budgetary crisis. It would now appear that future coastal defence schemes will be put on the backburner whilst the worrying situation in the area’s schools and hospitals is resolved. Might you like to rethink your ideas?

20. The seawall is a very effective form of coastal defence, though this does come at a cost and the walls need regular maintenance. Has your money been wisely spent on such a small settlement? Your funds are diminishing rapidly and it is unlikely that you will be able to protect any other areas along the coastline. Mappleton Dave Dunford You need to secure funding to either ensure capital funds are available for the maintenance of the wall or to get one-off funding to provide further reinforcements to the coastline. Attempt to secure recurrent funding for maintenance Place rock armour/ ‘rip rap’ at the base of the cliff for added protection

21. Mappleton Holderness council have refused to commit themselves to a recurrent funding program over an unspecified period of time. This argument was especially strong against a backdrop of calls from Withernsea & Hornsea residents for some kind of coastal protection for them, in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to look at the alternative option – rock armour? gabions? £1mil/km £1.5mil/km

22. Richard Thomson Mappleton You have chosen to use rock armour alongside your Have a look at the options for Hornsea & Easington. seawall defence. This is a very good choice; rock armour is long-lasting, durable and aesthetically pleasing. Maintenance costs are particularly low. However, your focus on protecting Mappleton has resulted in increased rates of erosion further along the coastline. The Easington gasworks are precariously teetering on the cliff edge and a number of beachfront hotels in Hornsea are under threat. Concentrate solely on Mappleton – you can’t really afford to defend other places.

23. The power of the waves refracted from your seawall at Mappleton has had catastrophic effects on the other coastal towns. Easington gasworks has been closed down as the front of the works had begun to fall into the sea and it became too dangerous for workers. Hornsea has lost 4 of its beachfront hotels and tourists are put off by the lack of beach and loss of smaller towns to visit along the coast. Carol Walker David Wright Would you like to have another go?

24. Mappleton Gabions are cheaper than rock armour but unfortunately they are not as hardwearing and will require more regular maintenance. I understand that they are a cheaper option but a pearl of wisdom once offered to me was that ‘if you buy cheap, you buy twice’! Make an application to the local council for recurrent funding to maintain the gabions Leave it as it is, there is very little you can do with no money.

25. Mappleton Holderness council have refused to commit themselves to a recurrent funding program over an unspecified period of time. This argument was especially strong against a backdrop of calls from Withernsea & Hornsea residents for some kind of coastal protection for them, in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to have another go?

26. Mappleton As Mappleton is only a small settlement, it would only cost you 1.5mil in relocation fees and compensation. However this doesn’t take into account the B1242 main coastal road that runs along the cliff edge in Mappleton. With no coastal defence schemes in place the edge of the road is becoming precariously balanced on the cliff edge. If the road is allowed to fall into the sea, massive disruption would be caused to the entire Holderness coastline. Redirect the B1242 so that it avoids endangered areas Assess the alternative options for coastal defence at Mappleton. Repair the road at Mappleton

27. A good choice. Not only does the groyne provide you will a sufficient amount of beach sediment to protect your coastline, but it also provides a lovely beach to attract the tourists. However, the little beach sediment that manages to get past Flamborough head is now being trapped in Hornsea and starving the beaches of longshore drift further south along the coast. Hornsea Steve Buttle A particular worry is the precariously placed B1242 in Mappleton. It is feared that as erosion has increased south of the Hornsea groyne, it won’t be long before the road takes you directly to the sea. Look into options of protecting Mappleton Remove the groyne.

28. Mappleton Hornsea Congratulations, you have managed to halve the rate of erosion occuring in Mappleton which has offered some short-term protection from the force of the sea. However, it could be argued that you have merely prolonged the inevitable, and sooner rather than later you will have to face this issue again. Hornsea is at crisis point. It has lost 4 of its beachfront hotels as well as the once prized beach that attracted hoards of tourists. The reduction in visitors has had a severe impact on the revenues of local business and services. There are fears that Hornsea will become a ghost-town. Look at alternative options for Hornsea… Rebuild the Hornsea groyne and protect Mappleton Rock armour £1.5mil/km Beach Nourishment £1000/m

29. Hornsea Congratulations! This is a very environmentally-friendly ‘soft engineering’ approach to protecting the coastline. However, with no groyne to prevent the transportation of beach sediment Andy Beecroft downshore, you will need to constantly replenish your supplies. This comes at a huge cost, will you … Make an application for a one-off funding grant to implement a form of ‘hard-engineering. Submit an application for recurrent council funding, to maintain the imported supply

30. Hornsea Unfortunately the Holderness council cannot commit themselves to a recurrent funding program over an unspecified period of time. This argument was especially strong against a backdrop of calls from Withernsea, Mappleton and Easington residents for some kind of coastal protection for them, in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to have another try?

31. You have chosen to replace your groyne with rock armour. This is a very good choice; rock armour is long-lasting, durable and aesthetically pleasing. Maintenance costs are particularly low. However, your focus on protecting Hornsea has resulted in increased rates of erosion further along the coastline. The B1242 is precariously teetering on the cliff edge and the gasworks at Easington are also under threat. Hornsea Richard Thomson Have a look at options for Mappleton & Easington Concentrate solely on Hornsea – you haven’t enough money to defend other places.

32. By focussing on only one area of the coastline there have been catastrophic effects further downshore. Easington gasworks has been closed down as the front of the works had begun to fall into the sea and it became too dangerous for workers. The B1242 at Mappleton has fallen into the sea which has seriously disrupted the flow of traffic to and from the area. Moreover, tourists are put off by the loss of smaller towns to visit along the coast. This in turn has had a detrimental effect on local tourist revenue. Carol Walker Stephen Horncastle Would you like to have another go?

33. The seawall is a very effective form of coastal defence, though this does come at a cost and the walls need regular maintenance. Has your money been wisely spent on a single settlement? Your funds are diminishing rapidly and it is unlikely that you will be able to protect any other areas along the coastline. Hornsea David Wright You need to secure funding to either ensure capital funds are available for the maintenance of the wall or to get one-off funding to provide further reinforcements to the coastline. Place rock armour/ ‘rip rap’ at the base of the cliff for added protection Attempt to secure recurrent funding for maintenance

34. Hornsea Holderness council have refused to commit themselves to a recurrent funding program over an unspecified period of time. This argument was especially strong against a backdrop of calls from Withernsea, Mappleton & Easington residents for some kind of coastal protection for them, in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to look at the alternative option – rock armour? gabions? £1mil/km £1.5mil/km

35. Richard Thomson Hornsea You have chosen to use rock armour alongside your Have a look at the options for Mappleton & Easington. seawall defence. This is a very good choice; rock armour is long-lasting, durable and aesthetically pleasing. Maintenance costs are particularly low. However, your focus on protecting Hornsea has resulted in increased rates of erosion further along the coastline. The B1242 is precariously teetering on the cliff edge and the Easington gasworks are due to be closed due to the uncertainty of the building. Concentrate solely on Hornsea – you can’t really afford to defend other places.

36. Hornsea Gabions are cheaper than rock armour but unfortunately they are not as hardwearing and will require more regular maintenance. I understand that they are a cheaper option but a pearl of wisdom once offered to me was that ‘if you buy cheap, you buy twice’! Make an application to the local council for recurrent funding to maintain the gabions Leave it as it is, there is very little you can do with no money.

37. Hornsea Holderness council have refused to commit themselves to a recurrent funding program over an unspecified period of time. This argument was especially strong against a backdrop of calls from Withernsea, Mappleton & Easington residents for some kind of coastal protection for them, in light of recent predictions from the IPCC and other government agencies on the likely impacts of global climate change. Would you like to reconsider the decisions you made?

38. Hornsea Financial Ruin!!! The size of the Hornsea settlement means that it would cost you in excess of 10million to recompense residents and businesses. Not only that but you now have no funds to defend any other areas along the coastline. As a result, the B1242 is now a road for the fishes and will soon be joined by Easington’s once famous gasworks. The Holderness coastline is a mere shadow of it’s former self, with not only a loss of inhabitants but also the loss of important coastal ecosystems and habitats for a range of flora and fauna. You obviously have a lot Go on … have another go and redeem yourselves!! more to learn!!!

39. Congratulations, you have managed to establish quite a fine beach to protect Easington and it’s famous gasworks. Increased erosion rates to the north as well as the lack of alternative defence obstructions means that you are able to trap a large amount of transported beach sediment. Easington Dave Dunford However, you may have caused a major environmental catastrophe. Your groyne prevents longshore drift from transporting beach sediment to feed Spurn Point. The spit has become vulnerable to the power of the sea and begun to retreat inland. Remove the groyne and examine alternative schemes Leave the groyne as it is, who cares about the odd bird?

40. Not only has this devastated the habitats of a number of wading birds but it has also removed the first line of defence for the Humber estuary. The outlet of the estuary is now more vulnerable to erosion whilst the inlet has experienced greater levels of deposition, reducing the depth of the harbour. Oh dear..! There are also fears that the lack of beach sediment is causing the base of the spit to erode rapidly and the worry is that the spit will become detached from the mainland and become an island. Would you like to have another go? Stephen Horncastle

41. Congratulations! You have managed to halt the retreat of Spurn Point and it is beginning to be rebuilt by the incoming beach sediment, no longer obstructed by the spit. Spurn Point Easington Steve Parker Unfortunately your worries for Easington remain. You wasted money on your last decision, it is imperative that you make the right choice this time. Build a seawall £2.5mil/km Rock armour £1mil/km Oversee the managed retreat of the Easington coastline Beach nourishment at Easington

42. Leave it as it is, we don’t have enough money to protect any more of the coast. Easington Richard Thomson Good choice. Rock armour is an effective and environmentally friendly way of protecting the coastline. It has little direct impact downshore, which makes it a more sustainable option than say a groyne. Examine coastal protection schemes for Mappleton However, although Easington has been made relatively safe, your failure to invest money further north along the coast has meant that the B1242 at Mappleton is teetering precariously on the edge of the coastline. This is affecting the deliveries and exports from the gasworks.

43. What type of sea defence would you like? Mappleton Beach nourishment £1000/m Rock armour £1.5mil/km Managed Retreat – cost dependent on settlement Groyne £1000/m Sea Wall £2.5mil/km

44. Easington OH DEAR!!! Your prized Easington gasworks have been forced to close as the infrastructure around it quite Carol Walker literally ‘hit the deck’! Your failure to focus any efforts at Mappleton made the fate of the B1242 inevitable. Local workers have been made unemployed and the few tourists that did once visit the area have been put off by the closure of facilities and the difficulty they have getting there. Easington is on the verge of becoming a ghost town. Would you like to try again?

45. Mappleton Congratulations the beach you have created at Mappleton does act as a defence against the force of the waves. In addition to this, beach nourishment is also a cost effective, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally-friendly approach to coastal defence. However, due to the lack of sediment being transported to Mappleton (as a result of the obstruction caused by Flamborough head) your beach will need constant replenishment. You will need assurances from the local council that will have access to this recurrent funding. Apply for a one-off grant to introduce a hard-engineering defence. Make an application for recurrent funding from the council Andy Beecroft

46. Good idea! Rock armour provides effective defence at a reasonable cost and is also aesthetically pleasing and environmentally-friendly. Mappleton Richard Thomson Unfortunately, used in isolation and given the maintenance requirements, this defence scheme does not offer the level of protection that Mappleton requires. It is advised to introduce a hard defence scheme to Mappleton, though you would need to make an application to the Holderness council. Have a look to see if you can afford any other schemes for Mappleton. Make a bid to the council for one-off funding.

47. Good choice. Beach nourishment is an effective and environmentally friendly way of protecting the coastline. It has little direct negative impact downshore, which makes it a more sustainable option than say a groyne. Easington Andy Beecroft However, although Easington has been made relatively safe, your failure to invest money further north along the coast has meant that the B1242 at Mappleton is teetering precariously on the edge of the coastline. This is affecting the deliveries and exports from the gasworks. Examine coastal protection schemes for Mappleton Leave it as it is, we don’t have enough money to protect any more of the coast. Re-route the B1242 away from endangered areas

48. Easington You have decided to construct a seawall at Easington. Dave Dunford A good choice. Seawalls are very effective at protecting the coastline from the power of the sea – Easington is safe for now. However, the wall comes at a cost and it needs regular maintenance works. By focussing most of your funds on only one area of the coastline, you have failed to consider what is happening further north. The B1242 main coastal road at Mappleton is teetering precariously on the edge of the coast. In addition, the wave refraction from the seawall has caused a weakness in the base of Spurn point and it looks likely that the sea could break through and detach it from the mainland. Reinforce the base of Spurn Point Protect Mappleton

49. Well done. You have managed to maintain the link between Spurn Point and the mainland, for now. However, whilst all of your efforts have been focussed downshore, you have failed to notice the effect Spurn Point Richard Thomson of the lack of defensive schemes further north. The main B1242 coastal road at Mappleton is edging closer and closer towards the sea and is soon to be dining with the fishes. The loss of this road would result in a huge disruption to the Easington gasworks. Look at schemes to protect Mappleton Re-route the B1242 to avoid endangered areas.

50. Easington FINANCIAL RUIN!!! You have chosen to sacrifice one of the UK’s leading gas suppliers which has left you with compensation bills stretching into tens hundreds of millions. Not only that but you now have no funds to defend any other areas along the coastline. As a result, the B1242 is now a road for the fishes and will soon be joined by Easington’s gasworks and the beachfront hotels at Hornsea. The Holderness coastline is a mere shadow of it’s former self, with not only a loss of inhabitants but also the loss of important coastal ecosystems and habitats for a range of flora and fauna. You obviously have a lot to learn! Try again and redeem yourself! Carol Walker