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T he M iddle A ges

T he M iddle A ges. 1066-1485. Timeline. Old English (450-1066) Anglo-Saxon Beowulf Middle English (1066-1485) Norman Conquest The Canterbury Tales The Renaissance (1485-1660) Shakespeare. Middle English-Norman Conquest.

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T he M iddle A ges

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  1. TheMiddleAges 1066-1485

  2. Timeline • Old English (450-1066) • Anglo-Saxon • Beowulf • Middle English (1066-1485) • Norman Conquest • The Canterbury Tales • The Renaissance (1485-1660) • Shakespeare

  3. Middle English-Norman Conquest • Duke William of Normandy, France defeated & killed King Harold of England (last of Anglo-Saxon kings) VS. King Harold Duke William

  4. Middle English (cont’d) • Radically affected English history, character, and language • Added French or Norman to Anglo-Saxon English • More democratic & artistic • More emphasis on law & order & cultural unity

  5. Feudalism • Replaced old Nordic social structure from Beowulf • Resulted from Norman conquest • Is a caste, property, and military system that is based on a religious concept of hierarchy with God as supreme overlord (pyramid power)

  6. Feudalism (cont’d) • Castes • Kings • Nobles • Knights • Serfs & Peasants Bound to person above him

  7. Knighthood • Primary duty of males above serf class was military service to their lords (trained at early ages to be warriors) • Then “dubbed” (ceremonially tapped on shoulder) as a Knight (title= “sir”)

  8. Knighthood • Chivalry- social code of conduct • Loyalty to overlord • Rules of warfare (never attack unarmed opp.) • Adoring a particular lady • Made knight braver & better (courtly love) • Courtly love in ideal form (nonsexual) • Knight wore lady’s colors in battle to be inspired by her • Brought about idealized attitude toward women

  9. Women- No Voice, No Choice • No political rights • Subservient to a man (husband, father, brother) • Social standing from husband or father = respect • Peasants= childbearing & housework Nobles= childbearing & household supervision

  10. New City Classes • As population grew, people moved into towns & cities (not feudal system) • Development of city classes • Upper-middle • Middle • Lower

  11. Great Happenings • The Crusades – series of wars waged by European Christians against Muslims. (prize=Jerusalem) result = rich, varied life • Martyrdom of Thomas á Beckett – was assassinated because he sided with the pope against the king; resulted in weak govt.

  12. Great Happenings (cont’d) • The Magna Carta – document that gave democratic power to (some of ) the people. Result = basis for English constitutional law • The Hundred Years War – war between England and France; resulted in yeoman (small land owners) replacing knight as icon

  13. Great Happenings • The Black Death – bubonic plague spread by rats; killed 1/3 of population of England; result = labor shortage, so serfs gained freedom and feudalism ended.

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