Daily Questions #3

1. Daily Questions #3 *1. Earth has undergone catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most explains why life continued following these catastrophes? a. Dominant species had a slow mutation rate b. many species filled the same niche c. a strong species had many different characteristics d. a wide diversity of species existed. *2. Natural selection is also called survival of the a. biggest b. species c. fittest d. hungriest

2. Daily Questions #3 *3. Which of these best illustrates natural selection. a. an organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully b. a population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species out. c. a community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migration routes. d. the largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

3. Daily Questions #3 *4. A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably effect this population? a. it will accelerate the appearance of new traits. b. it will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits. c. it will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. d. it will reduce genetic diversity.

4. Daily Questions #3 *1. Earth has undergone catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most explains why life continued following these catastrophes? a. Dominant species had a slow mutation rate b. many species filled the same niche c. a strong species had many different characteristics d. a wide diversity of species existed. *2. Natural selection is also called survival of the a. biggest b. species c. fittest d. hungriest

5. Daily Questions #3 *3. Which of these best illustrates natural selection. a. an organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully b. a population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species out. c. a community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migration routes. d. the largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

6. Daily Questions #3 *4. A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably effect this population? a. it will accelerate the appearance of new traits. b. it will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits. c. it will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. d. it will reduce genetic diversity.

7. The great debate • Animals evolve, that is not the debate. • But how does that happen? • Science has long tried to answer “HOW”. • Religion has long tried to answer “WHY”. • Science and Religion used to be coupled together, one with the other. • But some key arguments were made and they have separated. • Taking “faith” out of the equation, some scientists still try to answer HOW, but aren’t as much concerned with WHY. Many scientists figure out HOW and are still baffled by the WHY. • I will pose a question/statement, you answer the question on your paper then I will pick someone to share. • I will be the devils advocate, giving you information from both sides of the argument. • If “faith” is part of your answer, it is important that you can back it up with evidence, not just because “that is what you think”.

8. The Great Debate • Tree of life: every organism on this Earth has evolved from a single celled organism into the plethora of organisms that we have today.

9. The Great Debate • Embryos have “slits” that turn into gills or turn into ears. This fully demonstrates how humans have come from fish. • Pros- the slits “appear” to be the same in humans and in fish. In Humans, it turns into the inner ear, fish turns into gills/lungs. • Cons- if fish is the common ancestor, why do not all four legged creatures have slits?

10. The Great Debate • Which is a better explanation of the diversity of life… • The tree of life with one common ancestor • The “lawn” theory, where each blade of grass is like a new species. • Agree/disagree

11. The Great Debate • The Cambrian explosion of life proves that a “creator” put the animals there. • Agree/disagree • Evolution, natural selection.

12. The Great Debate • Natural selection and intelligent design will, and have to always be, against each other. There is no way they could co exist to describe life on earth. • Agree/disagree

13. The Great Debate • Everything on this earth is here by a cosmic chance. We should live our lives with that in mind because this life is all that there is. • Agree/disagree

14. Daily Questions #4 What is the difference between an organisms phenotype and genotype? What are the letters and names of the 4 codes used for translating proteins? What is mRNA, tRNA, and DNA? Describe the process in three steps, of protein synthesis. (Central Dogma of Biology) Write a definition for natural selection. Describe the differences darwin observed among his finches, and why that was important.

15. The Great Debate • Evolution is driven by natural selection or intelligent design? • Agree/disagree • evidence

16. Chapter 3 Life Science • You cover will have 2 themes… Evolution and Ecology. Must have 2 pictures for each theme, color. • Separate your page 1 into a top and bottom half… • What do you know? Mind map.

17. Evolution Ecology

18. Today we will work on chapter 10. For each section that you can complete in time, I want: The vocabulary words on the top of each page, and review questions on the bottom of the page. Please write out the question and then your answer. You will get in class points for doing the assignment. Don’t say, “I am going to do it for homework”. (p. 6) 10.1 words: natural selection, Beagle, Galapagos- Islands. (p. 8) 10.2 words: half-life, fossils, radioactive dating, homologous structures, vestigial structures, transition forms (species), cytochrome c. (p. 10) 10.3 words: adaptation, sickle cell anemia, balancingselection, directional selection, ecological races, divergence, gradualism, punctuated equilibria.

19. Evolution/natural selection notebook check. Have you notebooks on your desk, to the page that says Chapter 3 Life Science. 10= awesome 9=A 8= B 7= C 6=D 5= half credit

20. Daily Questions #5 Compare the difference between a homologous structure and an analogous structure in organisms and give examples of each. Why do you think that natural selection would act on the PHENOTYPE of an organism and not the GENOTYPE? In organisms, in terms of traits (alleles), how would a lethal trait (kill host) be passed down to a living offspring? Give an example of an organism (or its trait) that has demonstrated natural selection in its own community. Who is often called the father of evolution? What was the name of his boat on his most famous voyage? What was the name of the most important islands he visited? What organism above all others did he use to demonstrate the process of natural selection?

21. A structure or organ that seems to have lost its original use or necessity. Same Function, Different Structure Same Function, Same Structure Analogous Structures Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Such as… Such as… Such as the… wings Forelimbs Appendix IN IN IN IN IN IN IN Birds Bats Birds Dolphins Butterflies Humans Humans

22. Evolution Video Write down the following questions on p.? of NB, ALL of them. What was Charles Darwin's definition of evolution? Darwin said, “All living things have the ability to ________, but ________ are limited, there is competition to find food and water, to mate and to _______. What type of virus changes every year to adapt to vaccines? How many muscles are in an elephants trunk? What are the “in-between” fossils called that “transition” from one animal to the next in evolution? Describe how ears of an elephant keep the African Elephants cool? How many gallons of blood can flow through the ears in 20 minutes? Describe artificial selection. Give 3 examples of dogs that have changed because of artificial selection.

23. Evolution and Natural Selection • Why natural selection acts on PHENOTYPE rather than genotype of an organism. • Why alleles that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygous and thus maintained in a gene pool • New mutations are constantly generated in a gene pool. • Variation within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under changed environmental conditions. Evolution, Standard 7: The frequency of an allele in a gene pool of a population depends on many factors and may be stable or unstable over time. As a basis for understanding this concept, students know:

24. Sim-Organism Save your sim-organism paper, we will be using it on Thursday. Turn in your creature to the box and make sure you have your NAME, DATE and PERIOD on it! Then turn to the back of your NB for DQ 6

25. Cheat Sheet BIO Have your blank piece of computer paper on your desk Also have your colored pencils on your desk if you have them.

26. Benchmark T2 Cheat Sheet BIO The following is what you need to put on your cheat sheet for your in-class credit. If it is not done, it will NOT be accepted late or allowed to make up. You will need a book and notebook. If it is colored you will get 5 points extra credit on the assignment. Daily Questions, test questions from this semester and last semester regarding Genetics. Key terms from ch. 7.1, 7.3; 8.1, 8.2, 8.3; 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.2, Example of punnet square (RR) Black Hair (rr) Blonde Hair. Give all geno and pheno types (Rr)= brown hair. DNA picture from p. 139 book. UCAG chart p. 143 DArwins finches (next slide) Facts about charles Darwin Homologous picture from p. 178 Graduated/punctuated equilibrium p. 186 Name 4 animals we HAVENT used yet that have specific traits that help them survive/reproduce in their environment.

28. Sim-Organism Have your Sim-Organism paper on your desk to play our game, I will pass out your creations then describe how to play the game 

29. Cheat-Sheet Tuesday! • Today you will be finishing your cheat sheet, you will be graded on how much you complete and turn in. • You must stay in your original seat, no moving. The benchmark counts as 100 test points, this is a LOT of points in your test category. • While you are working on your cheat sheet I will be coming around doing your notebook check, please have it open to your Ch. 3 life science cover. • Make sure you have the list of things to have on your cheat sheet written down so you can refer to it while we finish Jurassic Park.

30. Notebook Check #4 • I will do a notebook check on TUESDAY when you return. The paper on your desk tells you everything that I will grade. make sure you have ALL of these things in them and completed. “C” Stands for color, to get full credit, those assignments need to be colored. DON’T lose this paper! • You are responsible for the work you have missed due to absences so make sure you get it.

31. Benchmark T2 The only things you can have on your desk is your cheat sheet and a pencil. Everything else must be on the ground under your desk. Have a book or something quiet to do when you are finished with your test, no electronic devices per C.O.’s benchmark testing policy. When you get your scantron, please fill out: Subject Physical Science/BIO Date 2/17/11 Period 5 - McCabe Then bubble in the corresponding box for each number for your “ID”, if there is no number in the box, do not fill in any number bubbles. When you are finished raise your hand and I will collect your Benchmark, scantron, and cheat sheet. Do NOT talk until everyone is finished, I will tell you when that is!

32. Daily Question #6 Today you will get 18 points for this daily question. Each question you answer is worth 2 points. I don’t know is not an acceptable answer. Make sure you answer in complete sentences.

33. Daily Questions #6 What does ecosystem mean? Make up a definition based on what you think it is. Put in order the following food chain: a frog, a snake, grass, an eagle, a cricket. Which of those (from question 2) is a producer? Which of those is a primary consumer? Which of those is a secondary consumer? Which of those is a tertiary consumer? Give me a definition for “decomposer”. Which ecosystem would have more organisms in it, a desert or a rainforest? Why do you think that ecosystem would have more organisms?

34. Friday Feb. 19, 2010 Please have your Notebook out and open to page 10 for your homework check. (words from yesterday) You may NOT borrow a book to do them in class, that is why its called HOMEwork.  The sub will be checking your homework while you are watching an interesting movie about ecology and the different habitats of certain island organisms.

35. This project will be due Monday. on a separate piece of paper please write down the following list. These are the names of organisms you will see in the movie, but this is not all of them. Clown fish flounder yellow surgeon fish barracuda Anemone corral mako shark hammerhead shark Great white shark grouper (fish) pelican blow fish starfish Lobster crab sea turtle angler fish sea gull Shrimp spotted eagle ray squid sea horse halibut Blue whale jellyfish blue fin tuna plankton krill Pacific blue surgeonfish moorish idol royal gramma Four striped damsel fish yellow longnose butterfly fish flapjack octopus Moonfish darla sea weed kelp I will give you a separate piece of computer paper, turn the paper horizontally and label one side “FOOD WEB” and label the other “ENERGY PYRAMID” small at the top. You will use these names to create a food web (animals that eat each other) and an energy pyramid based on the movie.

36. This project will be due Monday. Food web Each organism needs to be identified, a type, and character named for extra credit ONLY if you have over 25 organisms in your food web/pyramid. each organism should have at least 1 arrow pointing TO it. 25+ organisms = A 20-24 = B 15-19 = C 10-14 = D Arrows (energy) ALWAYS point to the EATER GW shark Tertiary consumer Sea Turtle Primary consumer “Crush” Crab decomposer plankton producer

37. Energy pyramid. Place your animals on this page from the food web, do NOT name/label, just pictures. When you print your pictures, print 2 of each so you can have the same on both sides. TERTIARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMER PRIMARY CONSUMERS PRODUCERS DECOMPOSERS

38. Daily Questions #8 Why is a food web diagram better to use over a food chain diagram? Ecology literally means what? What does the diversity in an ecosystem measure? What are the 5 types of organisms in an ecosystem? Describe a carnivore, give example. Describe an herbivore, give example. Describe an omnivore, give example.

39. Daily Questions #9 SUN To get full credit for this DQ, you must DRAW and color the diagram above in order of who eats what starting with the on the top of your DQ.

40. Daily Questions #9 SUN • 1 2 3 4

41. Daily Questions #9 SUN • 1 2 3 4 *1. The diagram above is an example of a(n) a. energy pyramid b. food chain c. food web d. trophic level *2. Number 1 in the diagram above is a. a heterotroph b. a herbivore c. a consumer d. a producer

42. Daily Questions #9 SUN • 1 2 3 4 • *3. The organism with the most energy available is • a. number 1 • b. number 2 • c. number 3 • d. number 4 • *4. In the diagram above, the energy flows from • a. eagle to grain • b. snake to rabbit • c. rabbit to snake • d. eagle to snake

43. Daily Questions #9 SUN • 1 2 3 4 *1. The diagram above is an example of a(n) a. energy pyramid b. food chain c. food web d. trophic level *2. Number 1 in the diagram above is a. a heterotroph b. a herbivore c. a consumer d. a producer

44. Daily Questions #9 SUN • 1 2 3 4 • *3. The organism with the most energy available is • a. number 1 • b. number 2 • c. number 3 • d. number 4 • *4. In the diagram above, the energy flows from • a. eagle to grain • b. snake to rabbit • c. rabbit to snake • d. eagle to snake

45. 14.1 ?’s

46. Daily Questions #10 • The following are test questions

47. Daily Questions #10 Grass Crickets Field Mice Hawks • *1. For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would have the most severe consequences? • a. a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought • b. the poaching of predatory hawks by game hunters • c. the introduction of a second predator that eats field mice • d. a parasitic infestation that reduces the cricket population

48. Daily Questions #10 • *2. Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid? • A giant squids • B sand sharks • C sea cucumbers • D green algae

49. Daily Questions #10 • *3. A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased • A genetic drift. • B mutation rate. • C natural selection. • D genetic variation.

50. Daily Questions #10 • *4. A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of • A the evolution of a new species. • B natural selection. • C artificial selection. • D adaptive radiation.