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Phonetics

Explore the study of speech sounds, phonetics symbols, organ articulation, and segmental features. Understand phonological errors in ESL learners and delve into the identity of speech sounds.

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Phonetics

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  1. Phonetics Linguistics for ELT B Ed TESL 2005 Cohort 2

  2. Objectives of this chapter. • Definitions • Formation of sounds • Phonetics symbols and Transcription • Organs of articulation • Segmental features of the language • Phonological errors of pupils of ESL

  3. What is Phonetics? • It is the study of describing speech sounds that occur in a language (Peter Ladefoged, 2001) • The study of speech sounds (Fromkin et al 2003) • The whole science of phonetics is an essential part of the subject linguistics (Roach, 2002) • The study of Speech sounds and the speech sounds may be reffered to as segments or phones (S C Poole 2000)

  4. What is phonology? • It is the study of “sounds in the context of languages and other speech varieties. It is concerned with which sounds a language uses and how it arranges them.” (Stuart C Poole, 1999). • The study of the ways in which speech sounds form systems and patterns. (Fromkin et al 2003)

  5. Characteristics • Sounds can be segmented – speech is divisible into units • How many sounds are there in ‘NOT’ • and ‘KNOT’, • Or ‘CAT’, or ‘FISH’ • 3 sounds • But in actual spoken language or speech sound we produce and hear is continuous. • Speakers do not pause between words – no breaks • Continuous sounds can be analysed if one knows the language.

  6. Continuous sounds - examples • Hold on • Cartoon – KEEP OUT • Apron / napron (a napron became an apron) • It’s hard to recognise speech • It’s hard to wreck a nice beach

  7. Identity of Speech sounds • Our ability to distinguish non-linguistic sounds is due to our linguistic knowledge and grammar rules that we have. Eg the ‘Cough’ in the middle of “How are ‘cough’ you?” • This ability will help us to ignore other insignificant linguistics differences – like tempo, pitch of voice, personal styles of speaking, nasal twang in voice, etc. • We can judge physically different sounds to be the same, no matter how they are produced.

  8. Which phonetics? • The study of the physical properties of the sounds is acoustic phonetics • The study of the way listeners perceive sounds is auditory phonetics • The study of how he vocal tract produces sounds of language – articulatory phonetics

  9. Spelling and Sounds • Alphabetic spelling represents the pronunciation of words - orthography • But orthography in English does not represent the sounds of the words in a language systematically. • Did he believe that Caesar could see the people seize the seas? • My father wanted many a village dame badly. • In Malay – ‘semak’, ‘perang’

  10. Spelling and sounds • Orthoepists are spelling reformers – they want to revise the alphabet – one letter could correspond to one sound – read pg 236 Fromkin. • What is ‘ghoti’? How do you pronounce it? • Problems are: • Several letters represent a single sound • A single letter represent different sounds

  11. A combination of letters represent a single sound – sh, th, etc. • Some letters do not represent a sound at all – silent letters – the silent E in WISE, Silent B in DEBT and LAMB, etc. • in 1888 the IPA, developed the phonetic symbols – still in use now.

  12. Tasks • Read on the Phonetic Alphabet (Fromkin Chap 6). • Reproduce ‘the vocal tract’ • Reproduce the ‘Phonetic symbols’ on the inside cover of the Cambridge International Dictionary. • Attempt ex 1 – 3 pgs 268- 269 fromkin

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