Mapping Culture

1. Mapping Culture By rachelellen, Jenna de vries, & Jordan sanchez.

2. Contents • Tokyo Station/Bullet Train 東京駅・新幹線 • Orochi　大蛇 • Hachiko ハチ公 • Amaterasu　天照大神 • Ｉｋｅｂｕｋｕｒｏ • One Hundred Demon Night Parade 百鬼夜行 • Bibliography

3. Tokyo Station & the Bullet Train東京駅と新幹線 • Tokyo Station is one of the biggest stations in Japan. Tokyo station is also connected to a hotel. Tokyo station is associated with the JR Lines, Metro and The Shinkansen. • Inside Tokyo Station are full of redesigned restaurants, shops, cafes and services. • Shikansen are high speed rail ways. • Shikansen was first built in 1964. • It can travel to about 240-320km/h (149-200mph). The maximum today can travel up to about 240mph. • Shinkansen: Nagoya to Tokyo: Kodama, Hikari and Nozomi.

4. Tokyo Station &the Bullet train：東京駅と新幹線 • Tokyo Station and the Bullet train.

5. Yamata no Orochi 八岐の大蛇 • Lit. Eight Branched giant snake. • It is mentioned in both the Nihongi and the Kojiki. • Yamata no Orochi is a serpent-dragon in Japanese myth. The Orochi has eight heads and eight tails, and its enormous body reaches across eight valleys and eight hills. (You're probably noticing a pattern here.) • When Susanoo (須佐之男)  is in exile from the heavens, he finds a couple and their daughter crying by the river. They explain their sadness to him — that every year, the Orochi comes to devour one of their daughters. This year, they must give up their eigth and final daughter, Kusinada.

6. Orochi continued • To save her, Susano proposes marriage to Kusinada. When she accepts, he transforms her into a comb which he can then carry in his hair. Kusinada's parents must brew sake, he explains, and refine it eight times. They must also build an enclosure with eight gates, each of which includes a vat of sake. • When the Orochi arrives, he is lured in towards the sake, and dips each of his heads into one of the vats. The drunken beast is now weakened and disoriented, allowing Susano to quickly slay it. • As Susano cuts the monster into pieces, he uncovers a great sword that had grown inside the Orochi. This blade, the Kusanagi, is presented to Amaterasu as a gift to reconcile their dispute.

7. Yamata no Orochi • The serpent Yamato no Orochi. 八岐の大蛇。

8. Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi 草薙の剣 • Kusanagi,(lit. “Grass-Mower”), in Japanese mythology, the miraculous sword that the sun goddess Amaterasu gave to her grandson Ninigi when he descended to earth to become ruler of Japan, thus establishing the divine link between the imperial house and the sun. Kusanagi • The sword, along with the mirror and jeweled necklace, still forms one of the three Imperial Treasures of Japan. The sword was discovered by the storm god Susanoo in the body of the eight-headed dragon (which he killed) and presented by him to his sister Amaterasu. • It derives its name from an incident when the hero Yamato Takeru was attacked by Ainu warriors. They started a grass fire around him, from which he escaped by cutting down the burning brush with the sword.

9. Shibuya and Hachiko　渋谷とハチ公 • Shibuya is one of many cities’ by Tokyo. It is most know for your popular shops and entertainment by Shibuya Station. • Shibuya maintains young fashion and culture which is known for their colorful city. • Shibuya Hikarie （渋谷ヒカリエ） is a new high rise complex. Besides a theater and exhibition floors, it offers office space on its upper floors and shopping and dining on its lower floors. • Shibuya 109 is a trend setting fashion complex for young women and an icon of the Shibuya district with more than one hundred boutiques on ten floors. • Shibuya crossing, otherwise known as “scramble crossing” is a famous location of Tokyo. It is known for the vast amount of people who congregate there from the station. It is right next to the Hachiko statue. • A statue of a loyal dog named Hachiko　（ハチ公）；according to a famous story, the dog waited for his master every day in front of Shibuya Station, and continued to do so for years even after his master had passed away. It is one of Tokyo's most popular meeting points.

10. Shibuya 渋谷 • Shibuya crossing スクランブル交差点and Shibuya Hikarie　渋谷ヒカリエ

11. Amaterasu Ookami 天照大神 • Amaterasu, in full Amaterasu Ōkami or Amaterasu Ōmikami,  (Japanese: “Great Divinity Illuminating Heaven”), the celestial sun goddess from whom the Japanese imperial family claims descent, and an important Shintō deity. • She was born from the left eye of her father, Izanagi, who bestowed upon her a necklace of jewels and placed her in charge of Takamagahara (“High Celestial Plain”), the abode of all the kami. •  One of her brothers, the storm god Susanoo, was sent to rule the sea plain. Before going, Susanoo went to take leave of his sister. As an act of good faith, they produced children together, she by chewing and spitting out pieces of the sword he gave her, and he by doing the same with her jewels. • Amaterasu’s chief place of worship is the Grand Shrine of Ise, the foremost Shintō shrine in Japan. She is manifested there in a mirror that is one of the three Imperial Treasures of Japan (the other two being a jeweled necklace and a sword). The genders of Amaterasu and her brother the moon god Tsukiyomi no Mikato are remarkable exceptions in worldwide mythology of the sun and the moon.

12. Amaterasu • Amatearsu in Shinto and Japanese Pop Culture. 大神 　狼

13. Amaterasu 天照大神 AmaterasuOkami and Hachiko Statue.

14. Ikebukuro 池袋 • Although Harajuku is predominantly known for Tokyo street fashion, many of its examples can also be seen in Ikebukuro. • These designs are mostly worn by the younger generation and are known for it’s extremeness. However there have been cases of older Japanese people wearing modern street fashion of Japan also. • Sunshine City is a 60 floor department store in Ikebukuro which also has a hotel, exhibition halls etc. • The Animate shop is the flagship store of Animate and is located across from Sunshine City and is the marker for “Otome road” (a road where female anime fans can be anime goods targeted at women).

15. Ikebukuro 池袋 Ikebukuro street fashion

16. Yōkai 妖怪 • Yokai (often spelled Youkai) ("apparitions", "spirits" or "demons") are class of creatures in Japanese folklore ranging from the evil oni to the mischievous kitsune. • Yokai are generally more powerful than human beings, and because of this, they tend to act arrogantly towards mortals. Yokai also have different values from human beings, and when these conflict, it can lead to animosity. • They are generally invulnerable to human attack, but they can be defeated by skilled yokai exterminators (taijiya) and Buddhist monks with Buddha's blessing or ofuda. • Some yokai simply avoid human beings and, thus, trouble; they generally inhabit secluded areas far from human dwellings. Other yokai, however, choose to live near human settlements out of a true liking of mankind. Some stories even tell of yokai breeding with human beings to produce han'yo, or "half-demons". Most of these tales begin as love stories, but they often end in sadness resulting from the many obstacles faced by yokai and mortals in such relationships.

17. Yōkai 妖怪 • Yokai is an ancient word, pre-dating most of Japanese folkloric vocabulary. The oldest known use of “yokai” is from the 1st century text “Junshiden” (循史伝) where the author writes : • “The yokai was in the Imperial Court for a long time.” The term is used to describe a sense of unnatural anxiety and foreboding. It shows up again in 772, in “Shoku Nihongi” (続日本紀) where a ritual cleansing of the palace is recommended to “clear away the yokai.” It isn’t used in the sense of any particular bad creature, but just accumulated “bad juju” that might be clinging to the palace. • Yokai as a term for Japan’s folkloric beasts didn’t really appear until the Edo period, with the publication of “Yokai Chakutocho” (夭怪着到牒 ), a yokai bestiary of the kind still familiar today. Sharp-eyed readers ( or those who know Japanese) will see that a different set of kanji was used; 夭 (yo, calamity, disaster ) + 怪 (kai). That kanji has a much more distinct menacing feel to it.

18. Yōkai 妖怪 • Yokai Chakutocho 夭怪着到牒

19. Yōkai 妖怪 • Kaiju – 怪 (kai, mysterious) + 獣 (ju; beast), meaning “monster.” Most of Japan’s famous yokai are kaiju. Godzilla is a dai-kaiju, or “great monster.” • Choshizen - 超 (cho; super) + 自然 (shizen; natural), meaning the supernatural, including mysterious natural phenomena. • Henge - 変 (hen; strange) + 化(ge; to change, transform) , meaning shape-shifters like tanuki, kitsune, and old cats. • Yurei -幽 (yu; dim) + 霊 (rei; spirit), meaning ghosts, and spirits of the dead.

20. Yōkai 妖怪 • Names from left-to-right: KasaObake, Yuki-Onna, Kitsune.

21. Map

22. Bibliography • Davisson, Z. (Oct 2012). What Does Yokai Mean in English?. Available: http://hyakumonogatari.com/2012/10/26/what-does-yokai-mean-in-english/. Last accessed 26th June 2013.Encyclopaedia Britannica. (Unknown). Amaterasu. Available: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/18575/Amaterasu. Last accessed 26th June 2013. • Encyclopaedia Britannica. (Unknown). Kusanagi. Available: http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325455/Kusanagi. Last accessed 26th June 2013. • Gail Nakada. (18 September, 2012). CNN. Available: http://travel.cnn.com/tokyo/visit/all-change-tokyo-station-back-and-its-better-ever-112916. Last accessed 30th June 2013. • Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by William George Aston. Book I, part 1, page 56. Tuttle Publishing. Tra edition (July 2005). First edition published 1972 • unknown. (June 30, 2013). Fashion Japan. Available: http://www.japanesestreets.com/harajuku-fashion/. Last accessed 30th June 2013. • unknown. (15 June 2013). Naver Summary. Available: http://matome.naver.jp/odai/213440554954056

23. Bibliography • unknown. (June 21, 2013). Shibuya. Available: http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3007.html. Last accessed 30th June 2013. • 0101?page=%3Cfont%3E%3Cfont%3E2%3C/font%3E%3C/font%3E. Last accessed 30th June 2013. • unknown. (2013-06-29). Shinkansen. Available: http://www.bullet-train.jp/. Last accessed 30th June 2013. • Unknown. (Unknown). Susanoo and Orochi. Available: http://japanesemyth.firespiritdesigns.com/html/susanoo.html. Last accessed 26th June 2013. • Unknown. (Unknown). Yokai. Available: http://japanesemyth.firespiritdesigns.com/html/yokai.html. Last accessed 26th June 2013. • Unknown. (Unknown). Yamata no Orochi | Japanese Mythology.Available: http://www.ancient-mythology.com/japanese/orochi.php. Last accessed 26th June 2013. • Veronese, K. (Unknown). The Search for Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi, the Lost Imperial Sword of Japan. Available: http://io9.com/the-search-for-kusanagi-no-tsurugi-the-lost-imperial-s-500171708. Last accessed 26th June 2013. • Youkai Attack!: The Japanese Monster Survival Guide by Hiroko Yoda and Matt Alt. • Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experience in Japanese Death Legends by Michiko Iwasaka and Barre Toelken.