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HIV/Aids and tuberculosis

HIV/Aids and tuberculosis. Course Description.

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HIV/Aids and tuberculosis

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  1. HIV/Aids and tuberculosis

  2. Course Description This course is designed to provide current information regarding HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis and the challenges presented to administrators and care staff in Assisted Living and Residential Care Communities. In this course we will address details regarding the HIV/AIDS epidemic: modes of transmission; signs and symptoms; prevention methods; risk factors; and treatment strategies. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards will be discussed. Comprehensive case studies are provided to allow course participants the opportunity to apply strategies addressed in this course towards development of effective solutions to maintain the highest quality of care for each resident in the Care Community.

  3. Course Objectives By the end of this course the participants will be able to: Define HIV, AIDS, and TB and understand how the diseases work. Identify common risk factors for HIV infection, modes of transmission, and prevention methods. Identify common risk factors for Tuberculosis, modes of transmission, and prevention methods. Evaluate the stages and physical changes one may experience throughout the lifecycle of the disease. Discuss the common types of HIV complications including the relationship with dementia.

  4. Course Objectives By the end of this course the participants will be able to: Describe various treatments available both for HIV infection and AIDS. Describe various treatment options available for Tuberculosis. Address issues that relate to Assisted Living and Residential Care Communities regarding HIV/AIDS and TB, and describe how the disease effects the aging/dependent adult population. Recognize strategies to ensure the highest quality of care for each resident in the Care Community.

  5. Introduction

  6. Defining HIV/AIDS What are HIV and AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The virus that can lead to the chronic, life threatening condition (AIDS) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

  7. Defining HIV/AIDS • HIV interferes with the body’s ability to effectively fight off viruses, bacteria, and fungi that cause disease, by damaging or destroying the cells of the immune system. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/basic/

  8. HIV/AIDS Statistics AIDS was first reported over 30 years ago and has become a worldwide epidemic. • Around 34 million people worldwide living with HIV • Over 25 million people have died since the first cases were reported in 1981 • Mostly in low to middle income countries, such as Africa • NO CURE

  9. HIV/AIDS Statistics The World Health Organization (WHO), reports that most people living with the virus or at risk for the virus do not have access to prevention, care, or treatment.

  10. Signs and Symptoms HIV and AIDS symptoms vary, depending on the stage of infection. Early Stage • When first infected the person may have no symptoms at all. • May experience flu-like illness two to six weeks after becoming infected.

  11. Signs and Symptoms HIV Early Stage Symptoms May Include: • Fever • Chills • Rash • Night sweats • Muscle aches • Sore throat • Fatigue • Swollen lymph nodes • Ulcers in the mouth

  12. Signs and Symptoms HIV Chronic Phase or Latency • The virus becomes less active in the body after the initial infection, but is still present. • During this stage many people do not experience any symptoms of the infection. • Can last up to 10 years or longer.

  13. Signs and Symptoms AIDS Stage Once the infection progresses to AIDS, people may experience the following signs and symptoms: • Fatigue • Diarrhea • Nausea • Vomiting • Fever • Chills • Night Sweats • Wasting Syndrome Pediatric AIDS Pictoral Atlas, Baylor International Pediatric AIDS

  14. Common Misconceptions

  15. Modes of Transmission How Does One Get HIV? • Lives and reproduces in blood and other body fluids • Transmitted in specific ways Sexual Contact Child Birth Drug Use Occupation Exposure (Healthcare)

  16. Modes of Transmission HIV Is Not Spread By: • Insects • Water or Air • Sweat/Tears/Saliva • Closed Mouth Kissing • Hand Shaking/Sharing Dishes

  17. Modes of Transmission How Does HIV Become AIDS? • AIDS can develop when HIV destroys the person’s immune system. Without an active, healthy immune system, your body is unable to be protected from infections and disease.

  18. Prevention and Screening • Prevention begins with knowing the facts and getting tested.

  19. Human Immune System • How Our Immune System Works

  20. Lifecycle – Stages – Physical Changes What HIV Does In The Person’s Body • What is the lifecycle of HIV? • What are the stages of the infection when untreated? • What physical changes occur?

  21. Common HIV Complications

  22. Common Types of HIV Complications HIV infection weakens the immune system, making a person highly susceptible to a large number of bacteria, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections.

  23. Common Types of HIV Complications Common types of HIV complications include: • Opportunistic Infections • Hepatitis • Oral Health Issues • Cancer • Dementia • Cardiovascular Decline • Kidney Disease

  24. Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic Infections may be the most common cause of death for persons with HIV/AIDS. What are examples of common opportunistic infections?

  25. Hepatitis • Hepatitis A, B, and C are the most common viral hepatitis. • Both hepatitis B and C can lead to persistent or chronic infection and place a person at risk of long-term complications, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. • A person who is HIV-positive and also has hepatitis, may be more likely to develop liver toxicity from medications.

  26. Oral Health Issues Persons with HIV are at risk for fungal infections causing oral health issues. • Most common example includes Candidiasis

  27. Cancer • HIV does not cause cancer, but increases the person’s risk. • Four common types of cancer associated with HIV: Kaposi’s Sarcoma Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Anal Cancer Cervical Cancer

  28. Dementia What is AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC)? How does HIV/AIDS affect the brain?

  29. Cardiovascular Health Can HIV/AIDS cause a person to be at risk for heart disease? Research indicates… YES

  30. Kidney Disease HIV-Associated Nephropathy • Occurs when kidneys are damaged by HIV Nephrotoxicity • Term defined as “destructive or toxic to the kidneys” • May be a side effect of specific HIV medications

  31. Other Common HIV Complications Another common HIV complication to consider is Diabetes. • Certain HIV medications may increase the risk for diabetes/insulin resistance.

  32. Treatment Options and Support

  33. Steps to Treatment Since HIV was first identified in the early 1980s, a number of medications have been developed to treat both HIV/AIDS and the accompanying infections. Challenges With Treatment: • Expensive medications • Developed resistance to medications

  34. Steps to Treatment The HAART Approach to HIV/AIDS Treatment Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

  35. Medical • What are some medical solutions to treat HIV and AIDS?

  36. Non-Medical • Are there any non-medical options for treatment?

  37. Needs and Services for Persons with HIV/AIDS During the initial treatment common services or supports may be needed. For example: • In home care • Nutrition assistance • Support groups/Counseling • Activity groups • Assisted medication management

  38. HIV/AIDS and the RCFE/ARF care Community HIV/AIDS is now affecting an increasing number of older adults.

  39. HIV/AIDS and the RCFE/ARF care Community • What Does This Mean For Our Residents In Assisted Living and Residential Care Communities?

  40. Tuberculosis

  41. What is Tuberculosis? • Abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis. • TB bacteria usually attacks the lungs, but can attack any part of the body including the kidney, spine, and brain.

  42. What is Tuberculosis? • Research shows that TB is the second most common cause of death worldwide. • If untreated, or not treated effectively, tuberculosis can be fatal.

  43. Causes • Tuberculosis is caused by the infectious agent known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). • Discovered by Dr. Robert Koch in 1882.

  44. Risk Factors For someone to develop active TB disease, the following two events must take place: • The bacteria enters the body and causes an Mtb infection. • The immune system cannot stop the TB bacteria from growing and spreading after the initial infection.

  45. Active vs. Latent There are two types or forms of TB: • Active • Latent What’s the difference?

  46. Transmission • Tuberculosis is primarily an airborne disease. • According to the CDC, “The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings.”

  47. Transmission A person CANNOT get TB by: • Touching bed linens or toilet seats • Shaking someone’s hand • Sharing food/drink • Sharing toothbrush • Kissing

  48. Symptoms • The symptoms of TB can range from no symptoms or very mild illness (latent TB) to significant symptoms with massive involvement (active TB). • TB may also lie dormant for years and reappear after the initial infection is contained.

  49. Symptoms Early symptoms of active TB can include:

  50. Diagnostic Test • What is PPD and what other test may be performed to detect or diagnose TB?

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