Prepared by :Ayman Shtayah Qais Samarah Supervisor : Dr. Imad Ibrik

1. Analysis of Electrification of Remote Villages in Palestineby using: PV system, Diesel, or Extension Electrical Network Prepared by :Ayman Shtayah Qais Samarah Supervisor : Dr. Imad Ibrik

2. Background Palestine suffers from: • A non-secure electrical network • Palestinian Authority (PA) does not have any independence network in the West Bank • The electrical loads are increased, but the grid does not expand

3. Background • Palestine has a high solar radiation (Gr) and peak sunshine hours (PSH) amounts to about 3000h and this is enough to produce solar energy in a sustainable way. • Availability of a large number of rural villages isolated from the electric grid. • High fuel cost in Palestine .

4. PrimaryPurposes • Economics comparison among photovoltaic system (PV), diesel generator (DG), hybrid PV-DG, and expansion electrical network

5. Secondary Purposes • Trial to feed more areas of electricity. • Reduce the phenomenon of immigration from rural areas to cities & congestion in cities. • Reduce the pollution of the atmosphere from diesel generators & product CO2.

6. Scope (PV alone system) • It usually consists of: PV array, charge battery controller, inverter, and lead acid battery.

7. Scope (DG alone systems) • DG are widely used sources for remote off-grid areas mainly due to their low capital costs. • It needs regular maintenance, fuel, filters, oils,..etc. and employee

8. Scope (Hybrid PV-DG systems -Series ) • it combines between PV & DG to make stable systems, because DG cover the reduction in energy of battery • We add controller rectifier to convert AC to DC

9. Scope (Expansion electrical network ) • It requires many as: conductors, insulators, towers, truss, transformer, switch gears,… etc. • It is more stable, but it is rarely existing on remote village

10. Studying Load (Froosh Beit Dajan) • located at east of Nablus 40km • their population about 769 inhabitants in 100 houses • . It suffers from preventive, confiscation of lands and water • no electrical network despite of IEC pass through it. • The nearest point of medium voltage 33KV return to PA far 6km at Aien Sheply village.

11. Main loads existing in Froosh Biet Dajan • Residential loads: it distributed to centralized & decentralized • Telecommunication tower loads (Jawwal tower): it distributed to AC, AC/DC and DC. • Water Pumping loads: it has 5 main pumps but we chose Ibasi pump only.

12. Daily load curve Decentralized centralized

13. Pmax & daily energy • After Studying the loads , we can get: • we get E after dividing the energy by ηTL = 94%

14. The Sizing of the systems- PV:residential & tower • PV generator, storage battery, controller, inverter: • we applied 4 Gr at 4 tilted angle (0, 20, 32, 45) • ηv= 92%, ηc = 95%, ηB = 85% ,Ad= 1.5 , DOD= 75%

15. The Sizing of the systems- PV:residential & tower • On tower we applied the min month Gr to keep the loads operating all times • Because the land of the tower is rented (not personal ) we add the size of land • a = area for 1kwp=7.055m2

16. The Sizing of the systems- PV:water pumping • PV generator, square inverter, induction motor • we applied average Gr from May to October (when pump operating) • ηv= 92%, ηm = 90%,V = m3/day ,TDH= 1.05*H , η p= 95% • We take percentages of Eh when we applying equations

17. The Sizing of the systems-existing DG: residential Ibasi pump tower

18. The Sizing of the systems- hybrid:residential & tower • PV generator, storage battery, controller, inverter: is the same size of PV alone. • in tower we used average Gr because the DG get more stability of the system. • We used Ad= 1 day • Size of :DG rectifier

19. The Sizing of the systems- hybrid:residential & tower • To calculate the consumption of diesel and operating hour per year of DG, we must determine the percent that DG covered as follows:

20. The Sizing of the systems- hybrid:water pumping • the diesel pumping used to compensate the percentage of Eh covered by PV. That means we cover 100% of Eh by two systems: PV and diesel, so we used two pumps for each. • e.g.: when the percentage of PV is 10% then the percentage of diesel is 90%

21. The Sizing of the systems-Expansion electrical network • When electrical network will be expanded, all loads in the village will be benefited from it.

22. The Sizing of the systems-Expansion electrical network

23. Economical study Normal case applied without any considerations of existing DG in the village Replacement case The existing DG enters economical study as salvage value , subtract from present cost Continuing case DG existing now work on hybrid system , no fixed cost of DG

24. Results PV alone:

25. Results PV alone: 0 20 32 45

26. Results DG alone:

27. comparison of $/kwh for Ibasi pump DG alone & PV alone at different percentage of Eh

28. Results hybrid:

29. Results hybrid: 0 20 32 45

30. Results of extension network:

31. Conclusion • The most economical alternative to electrify the village is extension electrical network, but we know that is prevented since 1967. • The most economical alternative to electrify the residential is the PV decentralized system at tilt 20 or 32 • The second economical alternative to electrify the residential is the hybrid system at tilt angle= 32, and it is more than reliable PV

32. Conclusion • The most economical alternative to electrify the tower is the hybrid with DC system at tilt 32, and it more than reliable PV • The second economical alternative to electrify the tower is the existing DG (it is more economical than PV) • The most economical alternative to electrify the pump is the diesel water pumping as existing now.