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vaccination

vaccination. By; Dr.fatma alzahrani Jan.2009. Vaccination. Objectives Definitions Type of immunization. Contraindication. Discussion of individual vaccines preparation. admnistration. precaution&contraindication side effects.

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vaccination

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  1. vaccination By; Dr.fatma alzahrani Jan.2009

  2. Vaccination Objectives Definitions Type of immunization. Contraindication. Discussion of individual vaccines preparation. admnistration. precaution&contraindication side effects

  3. Vaccination Definitions vaccination :is active immunization. Vaccine: antigenic harmless substance that induce specific immunity to specific disease.

  4. Vaccination Vaccination schedule: arecomended seires of vaccination that include time of all doses. Monovalent one organism Polyvalent more than one organisms

  5. vaccination

  6. Vaccination General contraindications: -moderate or sever illness with or without fever. -anaphylactic reaction to vaccine or its constitute. -live attenuated vaccines -pregnant women -immunocompromised children -withen 3months of IVIG

  7. Vaccination Types of vaccines There are four basic types of vaccine in use today 1-Killed vaccines: These are preparations of the normal (wild type) infectious, pathogenic virus or bacteria that has been rendered non-pathogenic, usually by chemical treatment such as with formalin that cross-links viral proteins. 2-Attenuated vaccines: These are live virus or bacteria particles that grow in the vaccine recipient but do not cause disease because the vaccine virus ,bacteria has been altered (mutated) to a non-pathogenic form; for example, its tropism has been altered so that it no longer grows at a site that can cause disease. 3-Sub-unit vaccines: These are purified components of the virus, such as a surface antigen 4.Toxoid :These are inactivated toxic compound.

  8. Vaccination Newly developed vaccine: 1- Conjugate: certain bacteria have outer polysaccharide capsul that is poorly immunogenic,linking this to aprotein will increase the antigenicity. 2-Recombinant vector: by combining the physiology of one microorganism to DNA of other one..

  9. Vaccination Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG): Live attenuated bacterium.,S.C,0.5ml Indications: All newborn. All tuberculin negative infants. Precaution &contraindications: Pregnency. Immunodefeciency state. Side effects Local -skin ulceration,regional lymphadenitis. systemic(rare) osteomylitis. Generalized Anaphylaxis,generalized BCG infection.

  10. Vaccination Hepatitis B: Recombenent 0.5ml,IM Side Effects: Pain Arthralgia

  11. Vaccination Diphtheria,Tetanus(toxoid)&Pertussis(killed): Less than 7years DT,DTaP More than 7years Td 0.5ml IM. Precaution&contraindication(pertussis) Sever reaction -Temp>40.5ºC Persistent inconsolable crying>3hours. Collapse episode. Convulsion or encephalopathy. Progressive neurological disorders

  12. Vaccination polimylitis vaccine Live attenuated(sabin)(OPV) 2drops orally. Killed (salk)(IPV) SC injection. Precaution&Contraindication: OPV pregnency &immunodef. IPV neomycin hypersensetivity Side effect paralytic disease (OPV)

  13. Vaccination Haemophilus Influenza Tybe B: 2months or older -(HbOC),(PRP-OMP),(PRP-T) 12months or older PRP-D 0.5ml IM Indication -Compulsory&for high riskchildren Side Effects: -local pain mild fever

  14. Vaccination Mesles,Mumps&Rubella (MMR): Measles MMR 0.5ml SC. Precaution&Contraindication: Pregnency Egg anaphylaxis. Immunodef.OR IVIG withen 3months. Side effects: -fever,rash(7days post vaccine) artheralgia,artheritis(Rubella) encephalitis (measeles&mumps) suppression of ppd skin test

  15. Vaccination Pneumococcal vaccine: Capsular polysaccharide of 23 serotypes of strept.pnumoniae 0.5ml IM/SC(pneumovax) >23months PCV (7valent)- <23months Indication: -anatomical OR functional asplenia. -Sickle Cell Disease. -Nephrotic Syndrome. -Immunsuppression. Side Effects: Soreness,erythema,fever. anaphylactic reaction.

  16. Vaccination Menigococcal Polysaccharide vaccine: Monovalent(AorC) Bivalent (A&C) guadrivalent(A,C,Y&W-135) 0.5ml SC Indication:outbreak Complementdefeciency&asplenia. Side Effects : transient fever,local erythema

  17. Vaccination Varicella Zoster: Varivax vaccine 0.5ml IM 12month+ -----single dose 13years +-------2doses. Indications: All children 12-18 months. 19months-18years (no H/O varicella) Precaution&Contraindication: immunodefeciency, withen5months of IVIG long term salicylate treatment. Side effects: Fever,rash&zoster.

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