Working with Analogies

Working with Analogies

Analogies test your ability to: • Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair

Old Young

To answer an analogy question you must: • Recognize the relationship between the words • Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way

Analogies look like this: Up:Down ::Over:Under Up is to Down as Over is to Under

In what ways could these pairs of words be related? I get it…they are opposites!

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms or antonyms

Here is one example of Synonym relationships: Infant:Baby::Grown-Up: _________? Infant:Baby::Grown-Up:Adult

Here is one example of Antonym relationships: Big:Small::Full:_______? Big:Small::Full:Empty

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms or antonyms • A part to the whole

Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships: Wheel:Car::Branch:_______? Wheel:Car::Branch:Tree

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms or antonyms • A part to the whole • An example of a category/group

Here is one example of Example of a Category relationships: Apple:Fruit::Carrot:_______? Apple:Fruit::Carrot:Vegetable

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms or antonyms • A part to the whole • An example of a category/group • Cause to effect (or effect to cause)

Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships: Cool:Freeze::Heat:__________ Cool:Freeze::Heat:Boil

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms or antonyms • A part to the whole • An example of a category/group • Cause to effect (or effect to cause) • Different degrees of something

Here is one example Difference of Degree relationships: Warm:Hot::Cool:______? Warm:Hot::Cool:Cold

Examples of possible relationships in an analogy: • Synonyms or antonyms • A part to the whole • An example of a category/group • Cause to effect (or effect to cause) • Varying degrees of something • Object to function

Here is one example of Object to Function relationships: Car:Drive::Oven:______? Car:Drive::Oven:Bake

PRACTICECan you identify the relationship? • PENCIL:ERASER • BIG:GARGANTUAN • CONFIDENT:DISCOMBOBULATED • GILLS:BREATHING • EAT:FULL • SOCCER:SPORT Synonyms or antonyms A part to the whole A member to the category that contains it Cause to effect (or effect to cause) Varying degrees of a quantity or quality Object to function

PRACTICECan you identify the relationship? • PENCIL:ERASER • BIG:GARGANTUAN • CONFIDENT:DISCOMBOBULATED • GILLS:BREATHING • EAT:FULL • SOCCER:SPORT Synonyms or antonyms A part to the whole A member to the category that contains it Cause to effect (or effect to cause) Varying degrees of a quantity or quality Object to function b e a f d c

Steps to Take: 1. What is the relationship? 2. Make a sentence for that relationship. 3. Look for the answer choice that has the same relationship.

Example APPLE : FRUIT :: • Salad : Mix • Orange: Banana • Juice : Can • Slice : Core • Butterfly: Insect It’s category!

Example APPLE : FRUIT :: • Salad : Mix • Orange: Banana • Juice : Can • Butterfly: Insect An apple is a type of fruit.

Example APPLE : FRUIT :: • Salad : Mix • Orange: Banana • Juice : Can • Butterfly: Insect Is an orange a type of banana? Is a salad a type of mix?. Is a juice a type of can? Is a butterfly a type of insect?

Example APPLE : FRUIT :: • Salad : Mix • Orange: Banana • Juice : Can • Butterfly:Insect Yes!

How do you know if you have a good sentence? • If more than one answer choice seems to fit, then your sentence is not good. • If none of them work, then your sentence is not good.

Example PENCIL : WRITE :: • Crayon : Sharpen • Ink : Blue • Letter : Compose • Knife : Cut • Mistake : Erase Object and function!

Example PENCIL : WRITE :: • Crayon : Sharpen • Ink : Blue • Letter : Compose • Knife : Cut • Mistake : Erase A pencil is a thing and to write is an action. BAD

Example PENCIL : WRITE :: • Crayon : Sharpen • Ink : Blue • Letter : Compose • Knife : Cut • Mistake : Erase I like to use a pencil to write in school. BAD

Example PENCIL : WRITE :: • Crayon : Sharpen • Ink : Blue • Letter : Compose • Knife: Cut You can use a pencil to write. GOOD

Be sure to: • Pay attention to the order of the words • Pay attention to the parts of speech • Remember that a single word can have several different meaning– homonyms • Never decide on the best answer without reading all the answer choices

Practice Large : Big:: • Remember : Forget • Win: Success • Nostril : Smell • Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

Practice Bat : Hitter • Score: Win • Walk : Run • Mars : Venus • Stick : Hockey Player • Basketball: Hoop

Practice Come : Came:: • Walk : Walking • Ride : Rode • Left : Arrived • Did : Had Done • See : Seen

Online Practice • Analogies Game • Awesome Analogies • Gamequarium Analogies • Analogy of the Day

Written Practice • Sampler Daily Analogies • Understanding Analogies • Analogies Worksheet • Analogies Dining • Analogies Notes • Analogies Graphic Organizer

Working with Analogies