1 / 42

Pregnancy and Birth

Pregnancy and Birth. The Beginning of the life cycle. Fertilization / Conception. When the males sperm enters the females egg 1 sperm / 1 egg Within seconds of fertilization, the surface of the egg changes so that no more sperm may enter the egg. Zygote. The united egg and sperm

paytah
Download Presentation

Pregnancy and Birth

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pregnancy and Birth

  2. The Beginning of the life cycle

  3. Fertilization / Conception • When the males sperm enters the females egg • 1 sperm / 1 egg • Within seconds of fertilization, the surface of the egg changes so that no more sperm may enter the egg

  4. Zygote • The united egg and sperm • Within 36 hours, while the zygote is in the fallopian tube, it begins to divide

  5. Cell Division • The original cell divides to make 2 cells • 2  4 • 4  8 • 8  16, etc. • From the 2 cell stage until about 9 weeks after fertilization, the growing structure is called an embryo

  6. The Blastocyst • 5 days after fertilization, the embryo reaches the uterus • Floats free • 50 to 100 cells • Blastocyst – sphere ofcells surrounding a hollow center

  7. Implantation • Once the blastocyst forms, it implants itself in the uterus  implantation

  8. Development in the Uterus

  9. Amniotic Sac • After implantation, a fluid-filled bag of thin tissue called the amniotic sac develops around the embryo • It grows as theembryo grows • Embryo floats in amniotic fluid

  10. Placenta • The attachment that holds the embryo to the wall of the uterus • Here, oxygen and nutrients move from the mothers blood into the embryo • Dangerous substances can pass from mother to embryo, too • Alcohol, drugs, chemicals

  11. Umbilical Cord • 25 days • Ropelike structure • Connects embryo to placenta • The embryo’s lifeline • Carry nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo • Carry wastes from the embryo to the placenta

  12. The Growing Embryo • During the first 2 months: • Major body systems and organs form • Heart, Blood vessels, Kidneys, Endocrine glands • At the end of 2 months: • Embryo is an inch long • Recognizable external features • Eyes, ears, arms, legs • Head makes up 50% of embryo

  13. The Fetus • From the 3rd month until birth, the developing human is called a fetus • 3rd to 6th months – begins to kick • Skeleton and muscles are developing • Nervous system matures • Sense organs begin functioning • Fetus becomes sensitive to light and sound • Alternates periods of activity with sleep

  14. The Fetus • 7th to 9th months • Body size increases; more proportionate • Body fat accumulates • Eyelids open and close • End of 9th month • Fetus is ready to be born

  15. Worksheet Word Bank Fertilization Embryo Cervix Vagina Amniotic Sac Developing Placenta Amniotic Fluid Uterine Wall Umbilical Cord • Blastocyst • Fertilization • Early Cell Division • Blastocyst & Implantation • Late Cell Division

  16. A healthy pregnancy

  17. Staying Healthy During Pregnancy • Proper nutrition • “eating for two” • Exercise • Better meet the energy needs of carrying a baby • Avoiding alcohol and other drugs • Harm, kill, decrease chance to live, lifelong problems • Avoiding environmental hazards • X-rays, lead, mercury (fish), cat litter (parasites)

  18. Prenatal Care • Medical care during pregnancy • Obstetrician – doctor specialized in pregnancy and childbirth • The chances of having a healthy baby greatly increases with regular doctor checkups throughout pregnancy

  19. 3 Trimesters • Pregnancy is divided into 3 periods of time • Each is about 3 months long • 1st trimester  0-3 months • 2nd trimester  3-6 months • 3rd trimester  6-9 months

  20. Monitoring Tools • Ultrasound • High-frequency sound waves that produce an image of the fetus • Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) • At 8 weeks, dr. removes part of the placenta to check for abnormalities/disease • Amniocentesis • 14-16 weeks, inserting a needle in the abdomen and uterus to remove amniotic fluid to test for abnormalities

  21. Complications • Ectopic pregnancy • Blastocyst implants in the fallopian tube, not the uterus • Miscarriage • Death of embryo or fetus in first 20 weeks • Preeclampsia • High BP, swelling of wrists & ankles, high levels of protein in urine  prevents fetus from getting O2 • Gestational diabetes • Developing diabetes while pregnant

  22. childbirth

  23. The Birth Process • Labor • Delivery of the baby • Delivery of the afterbirth

  24. Labor • Work performed by the mother’s body to push the fetus out • 2 to 24 hours or longer • Uterus contracts, causing the cervix to increase in width, or dilate • Amniotic sac will break • Cervix becomes softer and wider too allow the fetus to pass through

  25. Delivery of Baby • Actual birth, or delivery of baby • Lasts 30 minutes to more than 2 hours • Baby usually exits head first through vagina • Once the baby is out: • Dr. clamps and cuts the umbilical cord • Baby’s nose & mouth are suctioned to remove mucus and make it easier to breath • Eye drops are given to prevent infection • Injection of vitamin K to prevent excess bleeding from umbilical cord

  26. Delivery of Afterbirth • Though the baby is born, the birth process is not complete • Uterus contractions push out the placenta • 15 to 30 minutes

  27. Complications at Birth • Surgical delivery • Premature birth • Low birth weight • Birth of more than one baby

  28. Surgical Delivery • Sometimes delivery through the cervix and vagina is not possible due to the position of the fetus or the narrowness of the mothers hips • Illness or other conditions that make vaginal delivery dangerous for mother and/or baby

  29. Cesarean Section • Surgical method of birth • Doctor makes an incision in the lower abdomen into the uterus • Then removes the fetus and placenta

  30. Premature Birth • Baby is born before it is fully developed • Before the 37th week of pregnancy • Earlier birth  more problems • Lungs are usually not developed • Receive care in an incubator

  31. Low Birth Weight • Less than 5.5 pounds • May also be premature • May be full-term, just didn’t grow enough before birth • Increased risk of health problems as a newborn, chronic lifelong problems, death

  32. Multiple Births • The delivery of more than one baby • Twins • Triplets • Quadruplets • Carry greater risk to mother and babies

  33. Identical Twins • Develop from single fertilized egg • Embryo divides into 2 identical embryos • Because they divide from identical embryos, they have the same inherited traits and are the same sex

  34. Fraternal Twins • Sometimes 2 eggs are released from the ovary and fertilized by 2 sperm • Fraternal twins are no morealike than any other siblings • May or may not be the same sex

  35. Triplets or More • Less common than twins • Number of cases has dramatically increased in the last 25 years

More Related