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Livestock Manure Treatment Technologies:

Livestock Manure Treatment Technologies:. Environmental Impacts Dr. Bruce T. Bowman Chair, CARC Expert Committee on Manure Management April 30, 2002 Waterloo, Ontario ManureNet http://www.agr.gc.ca/science/initiatives/manurenet/. What is the Value of Manure?. IF managed properly…

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Livestock Manure Treatment Technologies:

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  1. Livestock Manure Treatment Technologies: Environmental Impacts Dr. Bruce T. Bowman Chair, CARC Expert Committee on Manure Management April 30, 2002 Waterloo, Ontario ManureNet http://www.agr.gc.ca/science/initiatives/manurenet/

  2. What is the Value of Manure? • IF managed properly… • Valuable recycled nutrient source • Excellent soil conditioner (biological) • IF managed poorly… • Nuisance waste • Environmental liability

  3. Some History • Manure issues have challenged farmers for well over a century • What has changed? • Technology has advanced a lot … however… • Same old issues … • Odour • Impacts on Water quality

  4. What are the Major Issues? • Odour intensity • Pathogen levels • Nutrient excesses • Large water volumes • Greenhouse gas emissions

  5. Traditionally • Manure has not been actively treated • Exception – composting • Solid manure piles • Accidental curing – less odour, pathogens

  6. The Current Situation • Liquid systems - more popular since 1970’s • labour-saving – OK for moderate-size operations • Recent trends in livestock operations • Great increase in herd size • Geographic concentration • Problem issues • Increased odour • Excess watervolumes – land application • Nutrient accumulations– P & N

  7. Manure Treatment Technologies • Constructed wetlands / filter strips • Solid-liquid separation • Composting • Digestion (anaerobic, aerobic) • Nutrient recovery/recycling • Value-added processing • Other Treatments

  8. Constructed Wetlands / Filter Strips • Benefits • Polishing run-off waste water from barn/milkhouse • Reducing water volumes (evaporation) • Drawbacks • Possible ghg emissions • Sediment buildup • Nutrient accumulations (P) • Significant area at farm site • Can’t handle high solids content

  9. Solid-Liquid Separation • Variety of screens, filters, presses, settling beds • Benefits • Reducing water volumes – reduced storage • Opportunities for nutrient partitioning • Flexibility of use - transportation • Drawbacks • Possible problems if low solids content • Cost – both liquid & solid handling equipment

  10. Solid-Liquid Separation

  11. Composting • Benefits • Reduce water volumes • Eliminate odour & pathogens, kill weed seeds • Mature compost - low risk for water contamination • Soil conditioner • Drawbacks • More Labour-intensive • Considerable ammonia losses (open composting) • Possible GHG emissions (open composting)

  12. Composting

  13. Odour Closed vessel - greatly reduce odours Ammonia emissions minimized Surface application of digested manure? Suitable for No-till operations? Anaerobic Digestion Pathogens • Greatly reduced or eliminated GHGs • Minimal GHG losses during treatment • Methane captured and utilized

  14. Nutrients Closed vessel, nutrients conserved Increased N content; better N:P ratio Neutral pH to reduce ammonia losses Nutrients more available for plant use 50% of carbon  methane Anaerobic Digestion Eco- Efficiency • Methane captured - heat or electricity • Recycled energy • “Green power”; distributed generation • Energy independence, revenue source (power generation being privatized)

  15. Anaerobic Digestion

  16. Other Treatments • Lagoon Additives (odour control) • Generally not (cost)-effective at claimed rates • Ozonation • Reduce odours in air & in manure slurries • Reduce pathogens in manure slurries

  17. Nutrient Recovery / Recycling • Phosphorus – “non-renewal” resource • Re-cycle nutrients – sustainability issue • 150 M t/yr P extracted & processed (85% Ag) • Flexibility for nutrient utilization • On-farm – limited by land base, NMP (P, N) • Diverting off-farm, amendments/fertilizer

  18. Nutrient Recovery / Recycling Integrated Waste Management System Integrated Farm Energy System (IFES)

  19. Value-Added Processing • Blending manure-based amendments • Supplementing with mineral fertilizers • Fertilizer vs amendment(guaranteed analysis) • Pasteurizing • Adding back specific microbes (disease control) • Pelletizing • Easier storage, transportation, application

  20. Looking Ahead Need to manage manure for: • Soil conditioning value • Nutrient value • Energy content • Value-added products • Minimize negative environmental impacts • Innovative partnerships for waste management • Other Ag (food processors, rendering, deadstock) • Municipal (residential wastes, sewage) • Industrial (energy producers, commercial alcohol)

  21. Conference Announcement • A National Conference and Exhibition on • Integrated Solutions to Manure Management:Working Together on Challenges and Opportunities • Location: Convention Centre London, Ontario September 11-13, 2002 • http://res2.agr.ca/initiatives/manurenet/ismm/

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