Domestication and Importance of Livestock

1. Domestication and Importance of Livestock Animal Science 1 Unit 1

2. Objectives • Discuss briefly the history of the domestication of farm animals • List and explain the functions of livestock • Describe the size of the livestock industry in the United States • Describe the size of the livestock industry in South Dakota

3. Introduction • Important part of farming in the United States • People depend upon livestock for food and clothing • Livestock production and success depend on many factors • Research in animal science is carried on by many state universities and the USDA.

4. Bos taurus

5. Bos indicus

6. Eohippus & The Horse We Know Today

8. Size and Scope of the Livestock Industry in the United States

9. Leading States In Livestock Production • Table 1-4 • Look at which states are leaders. Why do you think those states hold the position they do? • What things about those states make them leaders?

10. South Dakota’s Rank • Jan 1, 2009 • 8th All Cattle and Calves • 5th Beef Cows that have calved • 6th Calves Born • 7th Cattle/Calves on Feed- All Feedlots & Steers 500 lbs and more • 5th All Sheep and Lambs • 2nd Lambs Born • 9th Pigs Born (2008) • 1st Bison

11. Trends in Animal Agriculture

12. Consumption • Changes in lifestyle and eating habits of people in the United States has a significant impact on the production, processing and marketing of animal products. • WHY???? • What trends are we seeing in the way we eat?

13. Consumption of Livestock Products • Why has consumption of red meat declined? • What types of meat have seen an increase in consumption? • What has been done by producer organizations? • What influences eating habits? • What nutritional concerns are driving consumer choices?

14. Production • How are most hogs raised in the United States? • How is most poultry raised? • What about beef? • Dairy?

15. Animal Welfare vsAnimal Rights

16. Animal Welfare • Supporters emphasize humane treatment of animals • Believe that animals can be used to benefit humans • Some take the position that there are essential (food, medical research) and non-essential (entertainment) uses • Livestock producers support proper feeding, housing, vet care and good management practices because these result in greater productivity.

17. Animal Rights • Views vary. • Some advocate the total elimination of all animal use by humans. • Others focus on eliminating animal suffering to the greatest extent possible. • Those who take a moderate approach try to achieve their goals by influencing legislation and through public education campaigns.

18. Legislation • Laws are enforced by The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the USDA • First federal law dealing with the humane treatment of animals was passed in 1873. • Other legislation can be found on page 23 of the text.

19. Animal Identification • Currently a variety of methods. • The USDA is developing a database of information about individual animals. • They would like to make this system mandatory • To learn more about NAIS please visit www.animalagriculture.org

20. Food Safety • Becoming a major area of concern • Consumers want 0 health risk in relation to their food • Food safety is defined in terms of risk benefit • Most food borne illnesses are caused by bacteria (66%) • Other sources are chemical (25%), viral (5%), parasitic (4%) • See p. 25-31

21. Summary • Domestication of animals was vital to civilization • Animals have many useful functions • Livestock numbers on farms in the US is in the several billions and expected to continued to increase

22. Assignment • Complete review questions 1-12 Due Friday August 27 at the end of the period.