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Smarter, Greener Grid A System Operator Perspective

Smarter, Greener Grid A System Operator Perspective. Heather Sanders Director, Smart Grid Technologies and Strategy California Independent System Operator. California Independent System Operator Corporation. A nonprofit public benefit corporation created by the state:

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Smarter, Greener Grid A System Operator Perspective

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  1. Smarter, Greener GridA System Operator Perspective Heather Sanders Director, Smart Grid Technologies and Strategy California Independent System Operator

  2. California Independent System Operator Corporation A nonprofit public benefit corporation created by the state: • Manages flow of electricity, ensuring reliable operation of the grid • Facilitates market for day-ahead, real-time energy & ancillary services • Provides open and non-discriminatory access to grid supported by comprehensive planning process • Board appointed by governor and confirmed by state senate • Regulated by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) • Main control center in Folsom; second control room in Southern CA

  3. California ISO by the numbers • Approximately 80% of California’s electricity load is managed by the ISO • 55,027 MW of power plant capacity • 10,000 MW import capacity • 50,270 MW record peak demand (July 24, 2006) • 25,526 circuit-miles of transmission lines • 30 million people served • 230 billion annual kilowatt-hours of electricity delivered annually ISO Balancing Area Non-ISO Balancing Area

  4. California Climate Change Initiatives 20% of Energy Supply Renewable by 2010 33% of Energy Supply from Renewable Resources by 2020 One Million Roof-Top Photovoltaics CO2 Emission Level Rolled Back to 1990 Level by 2020 Large Investments in Energy Conservation Ban Once-Through Cooling Technology on all Coastal Plants by 2012 - 2024 Large Investments in Smart Grid (Smart Meters, Storage, etc)

  5. Challenges managing the greener grid • Forecasting including renewables and distributed energy resources • Load following, ramping, and intra-hour variability • Shortage of dispatchable generation in certain time frames • Increased transient stability issues • Reduced inertia provided by conventional generators for frequency response Smart Grid Technology is a key enabler to address challenges

  6. Accurate forecasting is essential to ensure optimal unit commitment • Advanced Technologies contribute to decreasing forecasting error • *Meterological Instrumentation and Telemetry • Solar: Skytracker, Pyranometers, Pyrheliometer • Wind: LiDAR, SoDAR, MET Towers • *Load: Measurement of Demand Response and incentive programs (PEV Smart Charging) • *Consensus forecasting (confidence), Commodity requirements forecasting (ramping, reserves requirements)

  7. Hourly load-following requirement increases with more variable resources • Advanced Technologies enable additional resources to satisfy requirement • *Demand response enabled by real-time dispatch, BAS, HAN, Smart Meters • *Storage technologies, enabled by real-time dispatch, smart inverters

  8. Ramping challenges • Advanced Technologies enable ramp smoothing • *Demand response shifting usage to non-critical ramp times • *Storage technologies charging or discharge to decrease steepness • *PEV through smart charging 2,000 MW ramp down 2,000 MW ramp down and then 2,000 MW ramp up Data based on summer production profiles

  9. Intra-hour variability and Regulation requirements • Advanced Technologies enable additional resources to satisfy requirement • *Demand response enabled by real-time dispatch and control, telemetry BAS • *Storage technologies, enabled by real-time dispatch control, telemetry, smart inverters • *PEV through smart charging (frequency responsive)

  10. Lack of dispatchable generation Load and non-dispatchable generation on May 17, 2010 Load and non-dispatchable generation on May 28, 2010 Shortage of Dispatchable Generation Dispatchable Generation • Advanced Technologies enable mitigation of dispatchable generation shortage • *Demand response signal to increase or shift to high-generation periods • *Storage technologies charging or discharge to consume energy during these periods • *PEV through smart charging

  11. Transient Stability Issues • Advanced Technologies enable identification and resolution • * Synchrophasors • * Alerts • * Automated Control Actions

  12. Spinning mass (inertia) historically provides frequency response • Advanced Technologies enable different resources to provide response • *Demand Response • *Storage • *PEVs

  13. The CAISO is developing its Smart Grid Architecture and Roadmap • Inclusion of key research and pilots to further understand and prove technology capabilities • Active engagement in national standards development efforts • Implementation once proven

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