Early U.S. Foldable

1. Early U.S. Foldable • Judiciary Act of 1789 • Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Laissez faire • Bill of Rights • Whiskey Rebellion • Democratic-Republican Party • Alien and Sedition Acts • Virginia and Kentucky Resolves • Midnight judges • Election of 1800 • Federalist Party • Hartford Convention Include all of the above terms in your foldable along with the corresponding (matching) questions at the end of this PPT.

2. Judiciary Act of 1789 Law passed by Congress that created a federal court system including U.S. District Courts, Appeals Courts and Supreme Court. Judges are appointed by the president and approved by the U.S. Senate.

3. Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury [person in charge of America’s money]. • His plan wanted to start a national bank to: [a] borrow money from foreign countries [b] collect taxes placed on whiskey and imports [c] pay off debts from the Revolution.

4. Laissez faire • The French term for Let it be or Leave alone. • Describes the idea that governments should leave businesses and citizens alone. Not pass too many laws interfering in peoples’ lives.

5. Bill of Rights • First 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. These were added to the U.S. Constitution several after the nation was founded. • Including the rights and freedoms of all U.S. citizens. Such as freedom of speech, religion and the right to bear arms.

6. Grain (wheat) farmers and makers of whiskey in the U.S. refused to pay a tax placed on the manufacture of Whiskey in 1791. Makers of whiskey terrorized tax collectors, stopped court proceedings and robbed U.S. Mail as a way to protest the tax. Whiskey Rebellion

7. Group of people led by Alexander Hamilton who wanted to create a strong central government that united all 13 original states under one set of laws. Federalist Party

8. Democratic-Republican Party • Political party created by Thomas Jefferson in order to speak out against the Federalists who wanted to form a strong federal government. • The Democratic-Republicans wanted to keep strong state governments to make sure that individual rights were protected and citizens had more power to decide how they wanted to be governed.

9. Alien & Sedition Acts • Alien-person who is not a citizen of a country. • Sedition-the act of betraying your country • Two laws passed by Congress to make it harder for aliens to become citizens or criticize the U.S. government.

10. Laws passed by the lawmakers of Virginia and Kentucky giving them power to nullifying (ignoring or reversing) laws passed by the federal government. • These resolutions were secretly written by federalists such as Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. • These were passed to try to circumvent (get around) the Alien and Sedition Acts. • Neither of these laws were successful and nullifying federal laws. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

11. Midnight Judges • Judges selected by outgoing president John Adams the midnight before he left his job as U.S. President. • Many of these judges did not receive their jobs because the new president [Thomas Jefferson] did not want them. Thomas Jefferson John Adams William Marbury James Madison

12. Election of 1800 • Presidential election between 4 candidates: Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, Charles Pinckney and John Adams. • None of the candidates received 51% of the citizens’ votes so the House of Representatives selected the president. • Thomas Jefferson was chosen as president despite the fact that he did not receive an overwhelming majority of the citizens of the United States’ votes. • Many people believe this event was not how the Founding Fathers intended the Republic’s democratic government to work. What do you think?

13. Hartford Convention • Meeting held in Connecticut to create amendments to the U.S. Constitution to increase the power of New England states because they were not in favor of the War of 1812. • Citizens of this region believed since they were closest to England geographical and economically they had much more to lose from a war with England. • The series of meetings resulted in proposals to make it harder for the federal government to take harsh measures against England.

14. Questions to answer using the foldableWrite these question on the inside of your foldable and include the correct answer • Which laws were passed to limit the rights of people who were not citizens of the United States and how could this be helpful or harmful? • Which laws were passed by states to nullify or cancel out laws passed by Congress? • Which term refers to the idea of government having a very limited role in business or citizens’ lives? 4. Which law passed by Congress created three levels of federal courts? 5. Why did New Englanders arrange a series of anti-federalist meetings in Hartford Connecticut during the War of 1812? 6. Why was the Election of 1800 one of the most unusual in U.S. History and how was it possibly not how the federal government was intended to be?