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Ch. 19 Early U.S. Involvement

Explore the early U.S. involvement in Vietnam, the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, the escalation of troops, protests, the fall of Saigon, and the lasting legacy of the Vietnam War.

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Ch. 19 Early U.S. Involvement

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  1. Ch. 19 Early U.S. Involvement • 1954 Geneva Conference- Vietnam divided at the 17th parallel • North-Communist, South- Democratic goal was to unite

  2. Ike & JFK had “military advisors” in Vietnam • 1964- Pres. Johnson felt it was time to use U.S. forces in Vietnam to prevent the “Domino Theory”

  3. Gulf of Tonkin • Reported that 2 U.S. ships had been attacked by N. Vietnamese gunboats in the Gulf of Tonkin • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- Cong. gave the president the power to do whatever it takes to prevent further aggression.

  4. Napalm Attacks

  5. Troops in Vietnam

  6. Helicopters Played a Major Role

  7. Guerilla Warfare

  8. Gradual Escalation • 1965- 184,000 troops • 1968- 536,100 troops • Tet Offensive- massive strikes by the NVA that showed their strength in January 1968

  9. Controversy Over the War War Hawks- Supported the war Doves- Opposed the War • We made a promise to protect them • Prevent the spread of Communism • Prevent the beginning of the Domino Theory • To far away • Not our fight • S. Vietnam Govt. was very corrupt • Thousands of Americans were being killed for nothing

  10. Protests

  11. Many Protests Turned Violent

  12. Student Protests • Colleges were the place of most protests • Draft Dodgers- many burnt their draft cards and fled to Canada • Many took college deferments

  13. The country was divided over the war • Media brought the battle into peoples homes which increased the division • Older generations resented the attitudes of the young • Hippies and Flower Children stood out b/c of their dress and lifestyle

  14. Woodstock 1969

  15. Soldiers returned home facing hostility and protests • Many struggled to adjust to life at home • LBJ- refused to run for the 1968 presidency

  16. 1968 Democratic Convention- student protest led to violence • Richard Nixon (R)- won the 68 presidential election • Vietnamization- U.S. troops withdrawn while S. Vietnam army was trained to fight

  17. Richard Nixon (R)1969-1974

  18. Student Protest • 1969-1971- worst student protest • 1969 protest in D.C. and Nixon called for the “Silent Majority” to support his efforts to end the war

  19. 1970- U.S. stepped ups its bombings in SE Asia • May 1970 Kent State- student protest led to 4 students who were killed by the national guard • 1972- U.S. gradual withdraws from Vietnam

  20. Kent State Shootings

  21. Pentagon Papers • 1971 Daniel Ellsberg worked for the Dept. of Defense • He released the Pentagon study on the Vietnam War to the NY Times • Nixon felt that it would damage support for the war • Eventually it went to the Supreme Court and papers were published

  22. War is Over • 1975 Saigon falls to the Communist • Over 58,000 U.S. soldiers died • 365,000- were injured • Cost over $150 Billion

  23. Fall of Saigon

  24. War Powers Act 1973 • Pres. must inform Cong. within 48 hrs. of deploying U.S. troops • If conflict last more than 90 days Pres. must obtain Cong. approval to continue. • Limits the power of the presidency to use military force

  25. Vietnam Legacy • People protested the war and draft • Media coverage greatly impacted peoples views • U.S. questioned itself as “policeman of the world” and was reluctant to engage in future conflicts • Military superiority does not guarantee victory

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