Major Causes of World War Two

1. Major Causes of World War Two

2. Major Causes of World War Two • Treaty of Versailles • Rise of Italian Fascism • Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party • The Great Depression • Japanese aggression and expansion in the Pacific • Anti-Communist sentiment • Appeasement • Militarism • Nationalism • US Isolation • Failure of the League of Nations

3. Treaty of Versailles • After Germany lost the war, the winning nations drafted a treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments, reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the League of Nations. • The Treaty punished Germany and left a bitter feeling. • Germany was forced to pay millions in reparations to Britain and France. • Italy was disappointed that it was denied territory promised by Britain and France.

4. Step by Step      Adolf Hitler ripped up           the dictated Treaty of Versailles! 1933 Germany leaves the League of Nations created by Versailles 1934 Reconstruction of the Wehrmacht, the navy and the Luftwaffe begun! 1935 Saarland brought back home! Armed power of the Reich regained! 1936 Rheinland completely liberated! 1937 The myth of war guilt ceremoniously extinguished! 1938 Germany and Austria united in the Reich! Greater Germany achieved! Therefore the whole of Germany will acknowledge its liberator on 10 April.Adolf Hitler All say: YES!

5. The Rise of Fascism in Italy Fascism is a totalitarian government which: • Glorifies the State • Has one leader and one party • All aspects of the government are controlled by the state • No opposition or protests are tolerated • Propaganda and censorship are widely Benito Mussolini practised came to power Has a strong military and expansionist goals in 1922 and helped create the political ideology called Fascism.

6. In Germany, Depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic increase in votes for the Nazi Party.

7. The Nazi Ideology

9. Excerpts from school books in NAZI Germany "A bomber aircraft on take-off carries 12 dozen bombs, each weighing 10 kilos. The aircraft takes off for Warsaw the international centre for Jewry. It bombs the town. On take-off with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 100 kilos of fuel, the aircraft weighed about 8 tons. When it returns from the crusade, there are still 230 kilos left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty ?"

10. "To keep a mentally ill person costs approximately 4 marks a day. There are 300,000 mentally ill people in care. How much do these people cost to keep in total? How many marriage loans of 1000 marks could be granted with this money?"

11. Worldwide Economic Depression • After World War One many European economies were unstable. • The boom in the US in the 1920s helped to sustain worldwide trade. • The 1929 stock market crash in the US and the resulting Great Depression spread throughout the world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened the depression. • As economies plummeted and unemployment rose, many people turned to powerful leaders and governments who promised success through military build up and the conquest of territory.

12. Japanese Expansionism • In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials • The same year, Japan began to attack China, with a full scale war breaking out in 1937 in the Sino-Japanese war. • In 1938, war broke out between Japan and the Soviet Union in what were known as the Soviet-Japanese boarder wars.

13. Anti-Communism • Under communism, all means of production are controlled by the state, as are property, the media, and all other aspects of society. • The 1930s saw the rise of many totalitarian regimes; but most people chose fascism over communism. • Hitler exploited people’s fear of a communist takeover in Germany to rise to power in 1933.

14. Appeasement • Appeasement is the act of giving in to an enemy’s demands in the hopes of avoiding further conflict. • In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the German population living there was being mistreated. • The British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands without consulting the Czechoslovakian government in the hopes that this would avoid a war in Europe. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain announcing that he had just guaranteed “Peace in our time.”

17. Militarism • The glorification of war, in which a nation strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons in preparation for war. • An important aspect of militarism is that the glorification of war is incorporated into all levels of society, including (especially) education of the nation’s youth. • Militaristic societies have existed throughout history. Hilter Youth at a rally Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society.

18. Nationalism • Hitler, Mussolini and Japan’s Tojo each touted their nation’s ability to dominate all others in the years leading up to World War Two. Nazi flag, Italian Fascist logo, Japanese flag.

19. American Isolationism • The US was in a major depression during the 1930s and was mostly concerned with its own problems. • Conflict in Europe seemed remote, and the US tried to maintain neutrality. This policy weakened the European democracies. The Nye Committee concluded that the U.S was tricked into entering WWI by arms manufacturers and Allied propaganda.

20. Failure of the League of Nations • The League of Nations was created in the hopes of maintaining collective security and thereby global peace. • From its inception the League was doomed to be ineffective: • The U.S. never joined • Germany and Russia were not allowed to become members • Other than diplomacy and economic sanctions, the League had no way to enforce its decisions. While the League of Nations was the prototype of the United Nations, it failed in its goal to ensure world peace.