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Understanding Old English Adjective Declensions

Learn about the strong and weak adjectival declensions in Old English, akin to Germanic innovations, referred to as "Definite" and "Indefinite." Explore noun, adjective, and pronoun declensions and verb conjugations using traditional Latin grammar terms.

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Understanding Old English Adjective Declensions

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  1. Old English Pétur Knútsson 2005 Adjectives

  2. Old English adjectives can be weak or strong. • Week and strong adjectival declensions: one of the Germanic innovations. • Often called “Definite” and “Indefinite” declensions

  3. STRONG WEAK ein guter Mann der gute Mann góður maður góði maðurinn án gód man se góda man

  4. Declensions and conjugations: • Nouns, adjectives and pronouns (i.e. all nominals) are said to decline; they are grouped into declensions according to how they decline. • Verbs conjugate, and are grouped into conjugations. • These are the traditional terms used in Latin grammars: declinare ‘bend, inflect’, and conjugare ‘join together’.

  5. The weak ande strong declensions of adjectives are similar in form to the weak and strong declensions of nouns.

  6. STRONG WEAK

  7. STRONG WEAK

  8. þæt wæs gód cyning ymb gódne cyning tó ánum gódum cyninge ánes gódes cyninges ríce se góda cyning ymb þone gódan cyning tó þǽm gódan cyninge þæs gódan cyninges ríce Sometimes in poetry without pronominal support: STRONG WEAK

  9. Áhléop þá se gomela, Gode þancode, mihtigan Dryhtne, þæs se man gespræc. Béowulf 1397-8

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