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Ecology Notes 4-2

Explore the dynamics of biotic and abiotic factors, niches, competition, predation, and symbiotic relationships in ecosystems. Learn how organisms interact in various ways within their environment.

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Ecology Notes 4-2

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  1. Ecology Notes 4-2 Community Interactions

  2. Biotic vs. Abiotic • Biotic factors – living factors in an environment. Ex. Trees, birds, bacteria, etc. • Abiotic factors – non living factors in an environment. Ex. Temp., rainfall, humidity, soil.

  3. Niche • Niche – full range of conditions in which an organism lives (biotic and abiotic). It is like your “occupation”.

  4. Competition • Competition – occurs when organisms attempt to use a resource (water, nutrients, light, food or space) at the same time. • We call this a +/- relationship. • Competitive Exclusion Principle – no two organisms can occupy exactly the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

  5. Predation • One organism captures and feeds on another organism. • This is a +/- relationship.

  6. Symbiosis – any relationship where two organisms live closely together. • 3 types of Symbiosis 1. Mutualism +/+ both organisms benefit. Ex. Flowers/insects.

  7. 2. Commensalism +/0 one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Ex. Whales/barnacles

  8. 3. Parasitism +/- One organism lives on or in another organism. Ex. Dog/flea

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