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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. POWER YOU CAN NEITHER CREATE NOR DESTROY POWER! IT SIMPLY GETS REDISTRIBUTED. WEALTH =POWER POWER=WEALTH. CH 14 Sec 1. THE CRUSADES – “ Holy War ”. *Pope Urban II asked people to regain the Holy Land 200 years *Goal recover Holy Land and Jerusalem from Islamic rulers.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer

  2. POWER YOU CAN NEITHER CREATE NOR DESTROY POWER! IT SIMPLY GETS REDISTRIBUTED. WEALTH =POWER POWER=WEALTH

  3. CH 14 Sec 1

  4. THE CRUSADES – “Holy War” • *Pope Urban II asked people to regain the Holy Land • 200 years • *Goal recover Holy Land and Jerusalem from Islamic rulers

  5. THE CRUSADES “Holy War” REASONS • GOD’S WILL • KINGS GOT RID OF KNIGHTS • YOUNGER SON COULD GAIN LAND

  6. THE CRUSADES – “Holy War”REASONS • ASSURED A PLACE IN HEAVEN • MERCHANTS MADE PROFITS • SHIPS WERE LEASED

  7. THE CRUSADES – “Holy War” • 1st – 1096 50,000-60,000 KNIGHTS BECAME CRUSADERS • MANY WILL DIE

  8. THE CRUSADES – “Holy War” • NOT WELL ORGANIZED • 3 ARMIES, MOSTLY FRENCH • NOT PREPARED FOR CLIMATE, SUPPLIES OR GOALS

  9. The Crusading Spirit Dwindles-A Spanish Crusade • In Spain, Muslims had control of most of the country • *The effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain in the 1100s was called the Spanish Reconquista “In 1469, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon. This marriage between the rulers of two powerful kingdoms opened the way for a united state. Using their combined forces, the two monarchs made a final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada. In 1492, Granada fell….”

  10. The Crusading Spirit Dwindles-A Spanish Crusade • In Spain power was in the hands of Isabella and Ferdinand • They wanted to unite their country under Christianity • *They used the Inquisition, a tribunal held by the church to suppress heresy (people whose religious beliefs were different from the church)

  11. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

  12. Processions of Ferdinand and Isabella

  13. Reconquista: Moors surrender Grenada (1492)

  14. Results of Crusades

  15. Effects of the Crusades • Power of the Pope declines • Feudal nobility weakened • Increased trade between Europe and Asia (Significant effect) • *Legacy of bitterness, tension and hate between the Muslims and the Christians (Long term effect/result) • *Cultural diffusion throughout Western Europe (Important effect) • *Contact with Muslim and Byzantine worlds brought new ideas to Western Europe (Direct Effect/Result) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzXIboiE6hQ

  16. POWER YOU CAN NEITHER CREATE NOR DESTROY POWER! IT SIMPLY GETS REDISTRIBUTED. WEALTH =POWER POWER=WEALTH

  17. The High Middle Ages and The Catholic Church Society in 11th-13thCentury Europe • Religion Dominates all aspects of life • Papacy exerts both secular and spiritual authority • Age of the great Cathedrals and Gothic Art • Renaissance of the 13th Century • Chartres, France

  18. Growing Food Supply • Using horsepower • Peasants had depended on oxen to pull plows, but they moved slowly. • Horses needed better food, but a team of horses could plow twice as fast as oxen • Developed a new harness to fit around the horses chest, taking pressure off their neck and windpipe • Oxen were replaced by horses

  19. Improvements in Farming • Iron Plow • The use of the Iron plow made farming easier and increased food production • The Horse Collar and iron horse shoes • allowed farmers to use horses rather than oxen to plow fields • Horses were faster and more efficient

  20. Improvements in Farming • The Three Field System • Increased food production and made soil more fertile

  21. Three Field System • By rotating crops on three fields instead of two, food production increased. • When food production increases people eat better. • When people eat better they live longer • When people live longer, the population increases.

  22. Birth of the Town (The Founding) • Towns begin to develop around Europe • Centered around Churches and Markets • Dominated by Guilds • Non-Traditional Social Group (Artisan)

  23. Trade and Finance Expand • As trade expanded artisans and craftsmen were manufacturing goods by hand for local and long distance trade. • *During the Middle Ages, merchants and craftsmen in Europe began organizing into powerful associations known as guilds. (similar to today’s unions) • Guilds controlled all wages and prices for their craft

  24. Growth of Towns • Many serfs left the manors and moved into towns/cities • Could be free in cities if they hid from their lord for a year and one day • Increased populations in towns • Towns were often overcrowded and dirty • Led to a decline in feudalism

  25. Effect of the Crusades • There was a revival in learning in Europe after the Crusades • The Muslims had preserved the libraries of the Greeks and much was brought back from the Crusades • The Crusaders brought back ancient text from Muslims and Byzantine libraries

  26. Medieval Universities

  27. Universities Began to Appear • Paris, France • Bologna and Salerno, Italy • Oxford and Cambridge, England

  28. Universities • Taught geometry, astronomy, Latin, grammar and logic the basis of Liberal Arts Education • Originally designated for a group of scholars but NOW it is an institution of higher learning

  29. Oxford University

  30. Results of Commercial Revolution

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