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Different Types of Schools . School Funding. Public Schools. Established by states (10 th Amendment) Paid for by tax dollars Usually run by local board of elected officials Open to all students who live in the district Subject to all federal anti-discrimination laws IDEA Title IX.
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Different Types of Schools School Funding
Public Schools • Established by states (10th Amendment) • Paid for by tax dollars • Usually run by local board of elected officials • Open to all students who live in the district • Subject to all federal anti-discrimination laws • IDEA • Title IX
Private Schools • Privately owned and operated • Religious (parochial) schools • Montessori Schools • Independent Foundations • Schools for profit • Paid for by donations/tuition • Can select which students attend • Do not have to adhere to federal anti-discrimination regulations
Magnet Schools • Public Schools • Focus on particular area of study to attract students • Many were originally created for the purpose of voluntary desegregation • May have competitive entrance process
Charter Schools • Publicly funded; operated independently • Operates under a charter, or contract, with the state • Subject to all federal anti-discrimination regulations • Open to all students who seek enrollment • Free of charge • Have more freedom than public schools in curriculum • Still accountable for results– charter is renewed periodically • Created by educators who envision a school committed to a particular purpose and philosophy • Currently allowed in 40 states and D.C.
Homeschooling • Choosing to educate students at home rather than in a public or private school • Parents select the curriculum • May be done with internet, correspondence, or independent instruction • No state funding is given to parents choosing to homeschool their children • Parents do not need to be certified teachers • Idaho does not check on academic progress
Other • Dual enrollment: students take some courses with the public school but is otherwise homeschooled • Dual Credit: students in high school enroll in a class which operates in conjunction with a college class. Students receive college credit for lower fees • Virtual Schools: for profit schools which offer on-line classes
School Funding • In Idaho, school funding has lost $200 million in the past two years, with additional cuts slated for 2012 • In 2005, the Idaho Supreme Court found that school funding was insufficient and unconstitutional • Vouchers: certificate by which parents are given the ability to pay for the education of their children at a school of their choice, either public or private
Legalities • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled vouchers constitutional in 2002 • Currently only five states– Maine, Ohio (Cleveland only) Vermont, Utah and Wisconsin (Milwaukee only) and the District of Columbia have voucher programs • Florida had one until state supreme court threw it out in 2006
Arguments for Vouchers • Rich parents have a choice of schools for their kids; poor parents should have the same choice. • Competition between schools is increased, leading to greater efficiency and results in all schools. • Private schools have a better history of getting results than public schools. • Those parents who send their kids to private schools still have to pay taxes for public schools as well. • Providing private school access to everyone will increase diversity. • The parent makes the choice between religious or non-religious schooling; thus the government isn’t imposing religion.
Arguments against vouchers • Since most of the schools in the program are religious, government funding violates the 1st Amendment separation of church and state. • Vouchers take funds away from already underfunded public schools. • Private schools aren’t accountable to any oversight organization; they do not have to follow State or Federal regulations for accountability and testing. • Public schools must accept everyone regardless of disabilities, test scores, religion, or other characteristics; private schools can show favoritism or discrimination in selecting students.
Tuition Tax Credits • Essentially the same thing as vouchers, only with a set amount of tax deduction given for tuition paid to private schools. • Currently available in Minnesota, Iowa, Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.