Fundamental Design Tools

1. Fundamental Design Tools Chapter 2

2. Brainstorming • Five to fifteen individuals • Discussion leader restates problem and reiterates rules of discussion • Individuals suggest ideas • Evaluate ideas at conclusion of discussion • Useful for new ideas / deadlock • Drawback: relies on willingness to speak up

3. Class Design Problem Ear Wax

4. Six individuals • Useful in systematic approach and large numbers of ideas • Drawback: isolation, no group synergy

5. Resultant response list is reordered and evaluated Delphi Model Expert panel generates starting points Suggestions are regrouped and returned to panelists Polling process Useful in situations where future of process is of concern Drawback: relies on high response rate

6. Problem is presented to a small group • Group familiarizes itself with the problem Synetics • Also utilizes variations such as randomly choosing words from a dictionary and forcing a fit • Analogies of terms are examined and relationships forced Useful when problem to be solved has an analogy and group is willing to explore bizarre trains of thought

7. Class Design Example Right to left heart shunt that needs to be closed – minimally invasive technology. When doing catheterization, need to go with the flow… Cannon droops when rapidly fired. Need to get a ladder through a small space and up in an alleyway.

8. Web-based and Print Literature • Web-based search engines • – search for recent books • -search for granted or pending patents • Trade magazines – product design (see my web site under ) • And www.google.com search for topics …

9. Process Chart Symbols Operations Inspection Transportation Delay Storage

10. Date: 9-30-00 Location: Graves Mountain Analyst: TLR Process: Apple Sauce Step Operation Transport Inspect Delay Storage Description of process Distance (feet) Time (min) 1 Unload apples from truck 20 2 Move to inspection station 100 ft 3 Weigh, inspect, sort 30 4 Move to storage 50 ft 5 360 Wait until needed Move to peeler 6 20 ft 7 Apples peeled and cored 15 8 Soak in water until needed 20 9 5 Place in conveyor 10 Move to mixing area 20 ft 11 30 Weigh, inspect, sort Page 1 0f 3 Total 480 190 ft Process Chart

11. Flowchart Activity Start or end Decision Yes D No

12. Flowcharting • Assists in understanding processes to modify or improve them. • Broad range of charts- from simple process charts to fairly complicated combinations of signal, material, and information flows. Dr. King at the doctor Flowcharting Overview

13. Clinic Flow Charts Linear system-Each event must be complete prior to the next beginning

14. Flowcharts with Decision Points

15. Decisions: Selection Chart

16. Evaluation Chart

17. Objective Tree

18. Quality Function Deployment Diagrams (QFD)

20. TRIZ • Russian acronym based upon series of papers on the theory of inventive problem solving • Method of reducing design process to a step-by-step procedure • As difficulty increases, number of solution increases • Different themes of transition have finite variations • Negative interactions between desired functions

21. TRIZ - Basic • ID Problem • Restate to elaborate contradictions • Search for previously well solved problem • Search for analogous solutions